1913] COOPER—ISLE ROYALE 3 
Headquarters were established at the Park Place Hotel on Rock 
Harbor (sec. 4, T. 66 N., R. 33 W.), and field investigations were 
carried on upon the island during the summers of 1909 and ror1o. 
Most of the detailed work was done in the vicinity of Park Place, 
but the coast was visited from Hawk Island to Blake Point on 
the northwest, and from Blake Point to the head of Siskowit Bay 
on the southeast. Excursions into the interior were made from 
various points along this stretch of shore. 
The study was undertaken at the suggestion of Dr. Horny C. 
Cow Les of the University of Chicago. I wish to express my appre- 
ciation of his invaluable assistance and co-operation, freely given 
at all times during the progress of the investigation. I desire also 
to extend my thanks to Dr. M. L. FERNALD of the Gray Herbarium 
of Harvard University, who determined all doubtful sperma- 
tophytes and pteridophytes, and to Miss EptrH A. WARNER of 
Brooklyn, N.Y., who determined the mosses collected upon the 
island, about 80 in number. The nomenclature of the pteri- 
‘danliptes and spermatophytes is that of the seventh edition of 
Gray’s Manual. 
PREVIOUS BOTANICAL WORK UPON ISLE ROYALE 
A limited amount of botanical work of taxonomic and ecological 
nature has been done upon Isle Royale. In 1848 W. D. WuItNEvy, 
acting as naturalist for a government exploring party, made a 
brief list of plants found upon the island, which was published in 
the report of the expedition (24) in 1851. In 1890, according to 
Apams (4), F. E. Woop made a collection of plants in the vicinity 
of Rock Harbor and presented them to the University of Michigan. 
In 1901 W. A. WHEELER (58) published a list of noteworthy 
species, reporting for the first time the strange occurrence of 
Fatsia horrida (devil’s club) upon the island. 
In 1904 and 1905 Isle Royale was visited by parties from the 
Museum of the University of Michigan, both equipped for ecologi- 
cal work among plants and animals. The first, under the leader- 
ship of Dr. A. G. RUTHVEN (3), spent three weeks upon the island, 
after a month’s work in the Porcupine Mountains of the northern 
peninsula of Michigan. Their explorations were confined to the 
