r913] 
COOPER—ISLE ROYALE 
19 
in partial shade and entirely open, abundant in one locality; sand 
bar across mouth of small stream, abundant 
The entire absence 
Total: Over 30 yrs: Overeoyrs: Over ioo yrs 
254 trees, 171 trees 63 trees. iz trees. 
Larix \e = ~4 1.6%] --- 7 
laricina gh | 24d = | 3.57 a 1.6% pena? 16.6%, 
Pirea se en Ue oo Sues 
mariana //| 47% T3 e ar Se 
Popu lus f j -- mn nig 
tremuloides / /| 287 “it 
Py us” vA ER chek fe 
amertcana._,/ va 10.67 1 Pre! 
i / a 
conadensis_; ct ee Seer conse 
Betula alba 4177, 
papyrifera : 285% 
Abies oO on. ti ne oe 
balsamea 78.77 ee : 
76% \\ 
x 
\ 
1 
\ 
\ 
‘ 
\ 
\ 
4 
‘ 
* 
y 
iQ 
547% |‘ 
aH 
* 
_ 
\ 
, 
4177 
Fic. 5.—Composition of the climax forest; according to age of trees 
of very young seedlings wherever the shade is even moderately 
dense is noteworthy 
Later in life the young trees can endure 
severe shading, but for a successful start abundant light seems to 
