96 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [JANU! 
tures much lower than those which occur annually at ProsKav, where 
investigations were made, did not injure the germinative capacity of the spores. 
The mycelium also remains alive and produces new spore-cushions in the spring. 
The conidia of Monilia fructigena, which occurs chiefly on pomaceous” 
fruits, lose their capacity for germination very early in the winter. The fungus 
persists solely by means of the mycelium. New spores are produced in the 
spring, when the mummies covered with the crust-like spore are 
soaked and kept in a warm place. 
The twig-blight of stone-fruits, which flower early in the season, is caused 
entirely by Monilia cinerea, whose spore-cushions are produced much earlier 
than those of M. fructigena. The spores of M. fructigena are not formed 
the flowering time of the stone-fruits—H. HAssELBRING. 
Ecology of mosses.—A careful study of the mosses of Isle Royale, Mich., © 
by Cooper” proves that there is a well marked succession Pine: from 
pioneer conditions to the establishment of the climax forest. From beginnings © 
both upon the rock shore and in the bogs two distinct lines lead to the same 
climax, characterized by Calligeron Schreberi, Hylocomium proliferum, and 
nt spe 
of our northern forests, cage the number of tree species is reduced to a 
minimum.—Gero. D. FULLE 
Calcium-magnesi 
the results obtained by MEvER and LEMMERMAN in their work on the calcium- 
magnesium ratio do not agree with those previously worked out by hi 
He claims that the results obtained by them were due to the fact that the soi 
ditions. This dwarfing was due to the arresting of root growth, and no 
conclusion can be drawn concerning the ee ratios from ws 
grown under crowded conditions.—JoHn N. MARTIN 
2t Cooper, WILLIAM S., The ecological succession of mosses as illustrated 
Isle Royale, Lake Superior. Plant World 15: 197-213. 1912 
2 Loew, Oscar, Uber angebliche Widerlegung der ne vom Kalkfaktor. 
Landwirtschaftl. Jahrb. 42:181-192. 1912. 
