138 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [FEBRUARY 
by other shrubs; most surprising of all, Fatsia horrida (Sm.) B. & H. 
(devil’s club), about six specimens with curled and yellow leaves, 
but all flowering. 
In all, 26 species were listed, and of these only 5 are character- 
istic shore plants; 10 were species found ordinarily in the climax 
forest, but growing here with more or less success in spite of the 
_severe conditions. The way in which many of the plants reached 
the island is suggested by the fact that ro out of the 26 bear more 
or less edible berries. Birds have evidently been important agents 
in determining the composition of the flora of Gull Islands. 
Fic. 29.—One of the Gull Islands: a small shingle beach with stunted mountain 
ash; with this grew a few plants of devil’s club (Fatsia). 
Such a type of vegetation as exists today upon these rocks 
may well have been the first to occupy the summits of the Isle 
Royale ridges when they first emerged from Lake Duluth. As the 
area of the island increased, and more and more species became 
established upon it by various means, the vegetation of the shores 
and the successional processes concerned therein became gradually 
like those of today. 
III. The beach succession 
a) Extent, situations, and materials of the beaches—Beaches are 
numerous but not extensive upon Isle Royale. There are many 
