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| 
BOTANICAL GAZETTE 
[MARCH 
of in the charts of the climax 
forest. 
The most important fact 
to be obtained from the dia- 
gram is that in no part of the 
section is there anything ap- 
proaching pure bog forest. In 
quadrats A and B there is a 
mere scattering of invaders; 
C and D are occupied by a 
young climax forest growth 
with a few bog trees, most of 
which are relicts. The ab- 
sence of pure bog forest is 
due to the fact that the trees 
of the climax stage follow 
immediately after the first 
invading bog trees, or even 
accompany them. In accord- 
ance with the usual habit of 
the species, balsam seedlings 
germinate in enormous num- 
bers, and although many of 
them succumb to the stress of 
competition, they shade the 
ground so that no more bog 
trees, which are light-requir- 
ing species, can start. The 
climax trees, Abies, Betula, 
and Picea canadensis, having 
come into possession are able 
to hold their ground in the 
manner described in an earlier 
section of this paper. The 
further history merely records 
the gradual dying out of the 
bog relicts. 
