214 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [MARCH 
instance, in a locality near Siskowit Lake (Sec. 32, T. 65 N., R. 35 W.) 
the central area (which is better drained than the rest, having a 
sluggish stream meandering through it) is of the sedge type. Some 
patches of bog forest near the stream are made up almost entirely 
of Larix, with much Alnus tncana as undergrowth. In the poorly 
drained areas near the margin 
the forest is pure Picea mariana, 
and the ground is carpeted with 
solid sphagnum covered with an 
abundant growth of Ledum. 
These two phases are shown in 
figs. 47 and 48. 
The delta swamp succession 
I. Extent and distribution 
The delta swamp succession 
comprises the successive stages 
of vegetational development 
which culminate in the establish- 
ment of the climax forest upon 
the deltas and alluvial plains of 
the streams. These societies do 
not occupy an extensive area in 
the aggregate, but they are ex- 
ceedingly interesting because of 
the close interdependence be- 
tween the successional and the 
Fic. 48.—Bog forest in poorly drained hvsi : Del 
slogr 1 sses. elta 
area; same locality as fig. 47; Picea paysiog aphic proce 
mariana, Ledum, and Sphagnum. 
swamps of various sizes are found 
at the heads of most of the bays, 
and are probably present also where streams of any size enter the 
larger lakes. Protection from the waves and currents of Lake 
Superior is naturally essential to their development. The localities 
studied were as follows: head of McCargoe’s Cove (Sec. 26, T. 
66 N., R. 35 W.), Brady Cove (Sec. 18, T. 66 N., R. 35 W.), 
Duncan Bay (Sec. 6, T. 66 N., R. 33 W.), Lake Richie outlet at 
Chippewa Harbor (Sec. 18, T. 65 N., R. 34 W.), Hay Bay (Sec. 
