ON THE JULIANIACEZ, A NEW NATURAL ORDER 888 
different ligneous orders, but here the affinity, or, rather, resem- 
blance, ends so far as six of them are concerned, and the com- 
parisons need ‘i carried no further. There remain the Anacardiacee 
and Juglandacea, both of which are also resiniferous, both have uni- 
sexual flowers with reduced envelopes, at least as to some of their 
mbers, and both have solitary, exalbuminous seeds. Other 
points of resemblance or similarity in the Juglandace@ are the 
dissimilar male and female flowers, the broad, stigmatic lobes of 
the style, and the single-coated ovules. Juglans s has also a funicle 
rders 
describe and discuss the anatomy in a separate paper, it is un- 
necessary to enter into te Sen here. 
The nearest approach I have found to the se gs fanigelar 
development of the ovule is in the Anacardiacea, but the resemblanc 
e€ co 
to the seed and embryo, however, the resemblance is complete, and, 
apart from the slight obliquity of the cotyledons of Juliania, the 
description of the seed and embryo of Cotinus or Rhus would do for 
Juliania. With this the affinities to the Anacardiacee are exhausted, 
and they are not sufficiently strong to justify the juxtaposition of 
the two orders. The next comparison is with the Cupulifere, taking 
the order as limited by Bentham and Hooker. There is nothing 
in the secretions nor in the foliage to warrant an approximation of 
the two orders, and in habit of growth the Julianiacee are very 
different. But divergences as great, or greater, exist between 
closely associated orders, and even between genera referred to be 
same order: and when we come to the inflorescence and flow 
affinities are primer that is, if affinities are deducible trot 
similarities in struc 
ale beihsinaetiienct the male flowers, and the pollen = 
Juliania sevéaoery are so near in texture, structure, and form 
the same parts in certain species of oak that, detached, they night 
be referred to the genus Quercus. In fact, there is much greater 
ity in the 
species of Quercus than there is between those of Juliania and those 
species of Quercus which have a flaccid male inflorescence and 
stamens alternating with the segments of the perian 
The female inflorescence and the male flowers of Juliania are 
Fagus, Castanea, and Castanopsis. In “all three of oe oe a the 
ps be named, the pete dehisces —— irregularly, 
and nuts fall out. In Juliania the involucr is indehiscent, 
and the flattened nuts are seme by their edges to ‘the i inner wall 
the involucre, and they have a very hard, relatively thick, 
carp. 
o} 
sclerenchymatous peri 
2r2 
