2 INTERNATIONAL RULES FOR BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE 
absence of rule, or inne = consequences of rules are doubtful, 
established custom becomes law. 
Article 6. The +e and forms of nomenclature should 
be as similar as possible in botany and in zoology, but botanical 
nomenclature is oR pro aa of oe nomenclature. 
Article 8. Nomenclature a at aad of names : 
- Names, or rather terms, which express the nature of the groups 
Sinan aided one within the other. 2. Names peculiar to each of 
the groups of plants that <soh has made known. 
Article 9. The rules and recommendations of botanical 
nomenclature apply to all classes of the plant kingdom, reserving 
special arrangements for fossil plants and non-vascular plants.* 
II. On the Manner of designating the Nature and the 
Subordination of the Groups which constitute the 
Plant Kingdom. 
Article 10. Every individual plant belongs to a species (species), 
every species to a genus (genus), every genus to a fam mily (familia), 
every family to an order (ordo), every order to a class (classis), every 
class to a divans (divisio). 
_ Article 11. In many Species we distinguish varieties (var tetas), 
and forms (forma); and, in some cultivated species, modifications 
still more numerous; in many genera, sections (sectio); in many 
bus). 
Article 12. Finally, if circumstances require us to ooh tae 
@ greater number of interm 
syllable sub before the name of a group, to form abdietaicns ion - cad that 
group. this way subfamily (subfamilia) designates a group be- 
tween a family and a tribe, yates nent er a group between a 
tribe and a genus, &e. The a ment of subordinate grou 
may thus be carried, for wild rey only. to twenty-one degrees, in 
the evn hwg order :—Regnum vegetabile; Divisio ; Sabdiviciox 
C ; Subclassis ; Ordo; Subordo ; Familia ; Subfamilia ; Tri- 
bus _ ‘Babseibens Genus ; Subgenus "Sectio ; Subsectio; Species ; 
Subspecies; Varietas ; Subvari ietas ; Forma; Individuu 
If this list of groups is insufficient, it can be sternal by the 
intercalation it oo pe groups, so longas these do not intro- 
duce ee 
ample: uibrige ‘dia Subseries = — which can be inter- 
sisted between subsection and spec: 
These special preva have been reserved for the Congress of 1910. 
; comprise—(1) rules bearing on n special points Ss gp ange to the —— of 
or the lower A eres (2) lists of nomina maereands r all divisions of 
plants other than Phanerogams. 
