t INTERNATIONAL RULES FOR BOTANICAL NOMENCLATURE 
plants. It is agreed to associate genera, the names of which — 
appear in this work, with the deseriptions given of them in the 
Genera — ed. 5 (1754). ; 
Article 20. However, to avoid disadvantageous changes in the 
Eaeuelesie of genera by the strict a plicati on of the rules of 
nomenclature—and especially of the pin of priority in starting 
from — rules provide a list of names which must be retained 
in all cases. These names are by cece those which have come 
hich have been used in monographs and important floristic 
(floristiques) works up to the year 1890. The list of these names 
forms an appendix to the rules of nomenclature. 
Section 8. NomencnaturE or tHE Dirrerent Kinps or Groups. 
3 1. Names of Groups above the Family. 
Recommenpations. The following suggestions as to the nomen- 
one of groups of higher rank than the family will tend to clear- 
ormity. 
I. Names of divisions and subdivisions, of classes and sub- 
classes, are taken from one of their chief characters. ‘They are ex- 
Pp. by words of Greek or Latin origin, some similarity of form 
and wae on being given to those that designate groups of the 
same n 
Examples : Angiospermae, Gymnosperma, Monocotyledonea, Dicoty- 
ladomen, _Pteridophyta, _Conifere. Among Cryptogams, old family 
names such as Fungi, Lichenes, Alge may be used for names of ~ 
groups above the rank of fa 
I Orders are designated preferably by the name of one of 
their principal Boer ilies, with the ending -ales. Suborders are 
design beaiaasenbnason: with the ending -inez. But other 
ievintations: phen be retained - these names, provided that they 
do not lead to confusion or err 
amples of names of raciaries _ Polygonales (from Polygonacea), 
Urttiatae (from Diese acee), Glum , Centrospermea, Parietales, 
Tubiflore, Mierosperme, Contorte. feamplad of names of suborders : 
Pinca ris (from Bromeliacee), Malvinee (from Malvacea), Tri- 
coccé, Enantioblaste. 
§ 2. Names of Families and Subfamilies, Tribes and Subtribes. 
Article 21. Families (familia) bh meeyiaen 2 by the name of 
one of their genera or ancient generic names, with the ending -ace 
Examples: Rosacee (from aaa, Saliencra Gnd Salix), Caryo- 
phyllacee (from esoecton Caryophyllus), 
Article 22. The following names, ee to long usage, are 
an exception to the rule: Palma, eee Crucifer a, Leguminose, 
Gu ae Umbellifere, Labiate, Compost 
e 23. Names of subfamilies aes are taken from 
the econ - one of the genera in the group, with the ending -oidee. 
