144 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [FEBRUARY 
internal structure, thus providing a very fruitful and much needed 
control of the results reached along conventional systematic lines, from 
the consideration of the superficial characters alone. The early memoir 
of the Anatomy of the conifers, published in the Transactions of the 
Royal Society of Canada, appeared in 1907 in enlarged form as a book. 
Professor PENHALLOW was among the first to point out the remarkably 
isolated position of the araucarian conifers, which survive at the present 
day only in the southern hemisphere. 
In those differences of opinion and interpretation which always 
prevail where scientific investigation is actively carried on, Professor 
PENHALLOW was a fair-minded and generous opponent. Whatever 
may be the fate of the particular hypotheses which he advocated, time 
cannot rob him of the credit of having realized the absolute necessity 
of attacking the Coniferales from the anatomical side, that is from 
within. His was a busy life, and within its short span he published 
articles amounting to upward of 200 titles. His industry and admir- 
able personal qualities were fully appreciated by his scientific colleagues 
in the United States and Canada. For a number of years he was presi- 
dent of the Natural History Society of Montreal, and was likewise an 
important influence in the Canadian national scientific organization, 
the Royal Society of Canada. Nor was he overlooked in his native 
country. The presidency of the Society of Plant Morphology and 
Physiology, of the American Society of Naturalists, and of the Botanical 
section of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 
bestowed upon him made clear the appreciation of his fellows.—E. C. 
JEFFREY, Cambridge, Mass. 
