tort] MACDOUGAL—OVARIAL TREATMENTS 253 
Laboratory in June 1907 to ascertain the probable mechanical 
effects by which divergent derivatives had been induced in two 
genera. Colored solutions introduced into the ovaries the day 
before fertilization showed but meagereffect in comparison with 
the actual results of injection in the cactuses. The stain was found 
adhering to the outer layers of the ovule, in which the embryo 
sac lay deeply buried. In no instance was anything like a marked 
penetration observed. The placental stalks were stained in a few 
instances, and rather deeply, and this offers the only shadow of a 
clue as to possible effects of the introduced reagents. The number 
of ovules affected in any way well accords with the comparatively 
meager effects secured. It was noted also that the rupturing of the 
ovarial walls freed numbers of crystals of calcium carbonate, which 
were partly dissolved by many of the reagents and would thus 
complicate hypothetical reactions. 
The introduction of methyl blue solutions into ovaries of Mam- 
millaria on the days the flowers were opened, resulted in staining 
the papillar cells which project from the sharp angles of the fu- 
nicular or placental stalk, which is curved in such manner that a 
Pollen tube would pass among them, probably coming into the 
closest contact with their mucilaginous walls. Here, as in Carne- 
giea, the introduction of a foreign substance would place the great- 
est chance of affection of the germinal elements within the pollen 
tube. Further tests were made with a solution obtained by allow- 
ng powdered carmine to stand in distilled water. The intro- 
duction of the reagent into the ovaries of the flowers that had 
pened was followed by a general absorption of it by the absorp- 
tive cells of the concave flanks of the funicular stalks, and by the 
underlying cells, with only a slight affection of the ovule and only 
an occasional reaction from endostomes. Injections of flowers 
the day before opening, however, gave more marked results. In 
this case, not only was the dye taken up by the conductive systems 
lining the locules as in the case above, but the stain had traveled 
up the base of the pistil for as much as a centimeter. Further- 
More, the reagent was not only taken up in quantity by the 
funicular stalk, but it had been conducted into the ovule, where 
much of it had accumulated between the outer and inner integu- 
