1911] HERRE—DESERT LICHENS 287 
and perhaps a few other insignificant shrubs. On the mountain 
slopes and in the cafions above 6000 feet are found scattering 
clumps of Pinus ponderosa and Juniperus occidentalis utahensis, 
the latter sometimes forming real groves; while species of Cerco- 
carpus, Amelanchier, and Ceanothus form shrubby patches 1-2 feet 
high, or become scraggly scattered bushes, or even trees 6-10 
feet in height. 
The region studied since October 1909 extends from the uni- 
versity campus in the city of Reno north and west a distance of 
12 miles, and north and northeast about 6 miles. This district 
rises from 4500 feet to an altitude of over 8000 feet, the exposed 
rocks being mainly andesite and rhyolite. 
At 5000 feet and upward lichens are, in general, exceedingly 
abundant on all outcropping ledges, stone pinnacles, or cliffs, 
as well as on the loose rocks which lie scattered about or piled in 
excessive quantities everywhere; but the few trees and the shrubs 
carry very few or no lichens. On the slopes of both Peavine and 
Mt. Rose I have vainly scrutinized the trunks and limbs of Pinus 
Ponderosa for lichens. The trees were actually as bare as a new 
and freshly painted hitching post. The same condition is true of 
Juniperus out on the desert, 6 miles northeast of Reno, but 12 or 
15 miles away, where there are belts of uncut juniper, Letharia 
vulpina is abundant upon it. 
Before entering into a further discussion of the lichen flora of 
this region and the conditions which control it, let us examine the 
following list, which I am satisfied includes almost every species 
°ccurring below 8000 feet in this district. On Mount Rose a num- 
ber of other forms appear near the summit, but the alpine lichens 
of that peak will be considered in a subsequent paper, as they bear 
ho relation to the desert flora below. 
1. VERRUCARIA FUSCELLA (Ach.) Turn. 
2. VERRUCARIA STANFoRDI Herre.—The discovery of this 
species here, described from the Santa Cruz Peninsula, California, 
greatly extends its range and is an interesting find. In addition 
to the type locality, I have this species from the Inner Coast Range, 
the Sierra N evada Mountains along the California-Nevada bound- 
ary line above Verdi, and from the desert near Reno. 
