372 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [MAY 
this type predominates. In no instance has an ascus been observed 
in which both types occur. In all of the multicellular filaments, 
each cell has a nucleus, and the cytoplasm is apparently more 
dense than in the other type. 
About the time the filament has reached its maximum length 
or slightly earlier, the two ends begin to enlarge, and the cytoplasm 
in these ellipsoid portions becomes very dense. Each end portion 
usually contains a single nucleus (fig. 10). No cases were observed 
in which two nuclei were present, but occasionally it appears 
that a nucleus does not migrate to the end of the filament, and in 
such cases the end portion becomes abortive. In the case of the 
multicellular type, the end portion which is enlarged may consist 
of a single cell or of two or more cells (figs. 8, 9). These enlarged 
end portions become the fertile cells of the spore, and at maturity 
are about 15-20X25-40 in size. The connecting filament is 
homologous in origin with the primary appendage of other species 
of the genus. This primary appendage is seen to connect the 
two fertile portions of a single spore in this species. Each of these 
fertile portions functions as a spore. The primary connecting 
filament persists for some time, but at the maturity of the peri- 
thecium and the shedding of the spores, it has almost disappeared, 
thus separating the two portions, and the ascus produces, therefore, 
the functional equivalent of 16 spores. The primary appendage 
in this species is either one multinucleate cell or a filament made 
up of a number of cells. In some cases the multicellular spores 
were observed to present a somewhat abortive appearance (fig. 8), 
in which case it happens that one fertile cell only is produced. Abor- 
tion is not uncommon in the other type of spore, so that often only 
five or six pairs of fertile cells are produced, or sometimes the 
number of fertile cells is different in the. two ends of the ascus. 
The question quite naturally arises as to the definition of a 
spore, and whether this species produces 8 or 16 spores. It was 
on this basis that Saccarpo transferred the species to Philocopra. 
Functionally 16 spores are produced, but morphologically there 
are only 8. These 8 spores are either three-celled, that is, two 
fertile cells connected by a long multinucleate cell (fig. 10), or they 
may be multicellular, consisting of two fertile parts connected by 
