1911] MILLER--ORIGIN OF CHLOROPLASTS 383 - 
they are present in their usual place but are very minute. As the 
seed begins to germinate, they increase in size and then begin to 
divide by simple fission. The chloroplasts of the seed are thus 
the bodies which give rise to the chloroplasts of the mature seed- 
ling. The numerous small round bodies which are on the surface 
of the protein grains, and which take the red stain after the same 
manner as the chloroplasts, we do not consider as chloroplasts, 
since in the first place they are entirely too numerous to corre- 
spond with the number of chloroplasts in cells where their identity 
cannot be doubted, while the number of chloroplasts found in their 
normal position closely corresponds to the number which is found 
in the later stages of development. Also, these small bodies are 
plainly evident upon the protein granules in advanced stages of 
- germination, when there is not the least doubt as to the identity 
of the chloroplasts. We agree with FAMINTzIN that the chloro- 
plasts are present in the resting seeds of Helianthus annuus, and 
that they alone give rise to those of the seedling. We think, how- 
ever, that he is in error in considering the small bodies which cover 
the protein granules as chloroplasts. What these bodies are we 
are unable to tell, but it seems evident that the stained bodies 
observed in the natural position of the chloroplasts account for 
all which appear in the seedling. 
In conclusion I desire to extend my sincere thanks to Professor 
A. W. Evans, at whose suggestion the work was undertaken, for 
his able advice and criticism; also to Dr. GzorGE E. NICHOLS, 
Who gave me valuable advice in the preparation of material. 
YALE UNIVERSITY 
LITERATURE CITED 
- Sacus, J., Text-book of botany. English translation. 1875. 
Mmxoscu, C., Ueber die anaeeiase . Pomme Wee Acad. 
Sitzungsb. Math. Naturw 68. 
- Betzune, E., Recherches ests wipe et physiologiques sur l’amidon 
et les grains de chlorophylle. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 5-6:179-311. 1887. 
- SCHIMPER, A. F, W., Sur l’amidon et les leucites. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. 
VIL. 5-6: 1887 
ELZUNG, E., Nouvelles recherches sur l’origine des grains d’amidon et des 
grains chlorophylliens. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. VII. 13:1-22. 1891 
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