434 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [JUNE 
the next available name; the type of which, according to NYLANDER, was in 
existence in 1863; according to Professor MIRANDE, under date of February 
8, 1910, is not now to be found at Grenoble. 
TYPE Locatity: “Europae.” 
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION: “filamentosus ramosissimus erectus fastigiatus 
inaequali-angulosus.”’ 
FicurE: SCHNEIDER, Guide to Lich., 2 ed. pl. 4. 1904. 
Synonymy: Lichen vulpinus Linn. Spec. Pl. 2:1155. 1753; Evernia vul- 
pina Ach. Lich. Univ. 443. 1810. 
Diacnosis: Thallus loosely caespitose, subterete, rugose, su/phur-yellow. 
Description: typical. Thallus loosely caespitose, subterete 
to compressed (rarely pendulous), rigid; cortex rugose-lacunose, 
rarely perforate, sometimes proximally expanded and glabrous; 
virescent to sulphur-yellow; primary branches coarse, dichotomous, 
divaricate (max. length 15 cm.); secondary branches dichotomous, 
divaricate and attenuate. A pothecia subterminal, ample (max. 
diameter 2.6 cm.), appendiculate, thalline exciple rugose and 
expanding, disk chestnut, emarginate and ciliate. Spores 5-8-5 
X4.5-5.5 b. | 
CONTINGENT PHASES: (a) thallus spotted with minute black 
dots (spermogones), finally largely blackening; (9) reduced, 
sterile and virescent; (c) yellow sorediate (E. v. y incompla Ach. 
Lich. Univ. 444. 1810). 
SUBSTRATA: Trees, fences, and occasionally on rocks (limestone). 
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Common in the lower Boreal zone, reach- 
ing rarely the Transition. The species extends from the mountains of Lower 
California, 8500 ft. (Hasse), and Mexico, Orizaba Mt., gooo ft. (Sime), 
northward to British Columbia (Macoun, Herden) and Alberta (Macoun an 
others). It occurs up to 10,000 ft. in the Rocky Mountains. Though not 
included in Miss G. E. Cooxey’s list of “Plants collected in Alaska and 
Nanaimo, B.C.,” etc., nor in Miss Cummincs’ “The lichens of Alaska, 
though she determined Miss Cootry’s plants, yet in the Herbarium of él 
New York Botanic Gardens there are two sterile examples labelled sw/pi"? 
in Miss CumMincs’ handwriting, on a “Flora of Alaska” label “collected . 
Miss Grace E. Couey.” Although Miss Coorey did not include the sp 
in her list at all (from either Alaska or B.C.), yet it is most probable that ee 
above specimens came from the latter place. Eastward this plant extends 
Montana (Rydberg, Vreeland, Williams), Wyoming (Willey), Black Ryd- 
South Dakota (Hayden), Nebraska (Fink), and Grant Co., Nebraska UOT” 
berg), from where I have seen it fertile. It is reported also from Wisconsin © 
