Igrt] HOWE—EVERNIA — 437 
rare text accompanying his exsiccati which I have been unable to see, but 
is later cited by KoOrRBER as a trinomial: Evernia prunastri 8 thamnodes 
ot. KOERBER curiously enough makes it synonymous with Physcia divari- 
cata 8 arenaria Schaerer, showing the cycle of error caused by the REtTzrus 
specimen. HvE has used this name for our plant iri the combination Letharia 
thamnodes (l.c. 58). NYLANDER described E. mesomorpha (Lich. Scand. 74. 
1861), a name now generally considered synonymous; and again in the last 
year G. K. Merritt distributed the plant as Evernia prunastri form mollis 
Merrill (Lich. exs. no. 51). It is very unlikely that the var. vulgaris Koerber 
(I.c.) is a synonym of thamnodes, but it seems quite plain that gracilis Ach. 
and stictoceras Sowerby are synonymous and do not refer to this plant; and 
it is not improbable that E. mesomorpha {. esorediosa Nyl. (Lich. Japan. 
25. 1890) belongs with these. 
EVERNIA PRUNASTRI var. THAMNODES Flot. 
Type: No. 54¢ Fiorow, Lich. vorziiglich in Schlesien 1:1829. 
TYPE LocaLity: ‘“Sveciae.” : 
ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION: “Thallus utrinque concolor laciniis longioribus 
‘Fruticulosa, 
undique corticata, similaris verrucoso-furfuracea” (WENDT, Thermen zu 
Warmbrunn, 94. 1840). 
Ficure: Howr, Common and Conspicuous Lich. N.E. pt. 1. 24. 1906. 
Fink, Lich. Minn. Cont. U.S. Nat. Herb. 14: pl. 39. 1910. 
Synonymy: Evernia prunastri 8 thamnodes Flot., KOERBER, Syst. Lich. Germ. 
42. 1855. 
Diacnosis: Thallus prostrate, sublereie (subradial), rough, virescent. 
Description: typical. Thallus caespitose, prostrate, sub- 
terete; cortex rugose, rarely sorediate, virescent; apices of branches 
acuminate; otherwise as in last. 
SuBstraTa: Same as last. 
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Found throughout the Transition and 
lower Boreal zone. It is reported from Newfoundland (Eckfeldt) and from 
Manitoba (M acoun) and Vermillion Lake, Ontario (Arthur, etc.). It becomes 
Fare, however, in northern Maine and Oregon, and is not reported from Lab- 
Tador. RicHarpson collected it, however, in Arctic America, Ft. Franklin, 
Great Bear Lake (1836), and I have examined several fertile specimens col- 
lected on Betula at Dawson, Yukon, Canada, by Mr. R. S. Witttas early 
in the spring of 1899. Hue records E. thamnodes (Flot.) Nyl. from Port 
Clarence, Alaska, the White Mts., and “Otawa.” Southward it extends to 
the border of the upper Austral zone. I have seen specimens from New York 
(Harris, Blake), Fayette, Iowa, Minnesota, Ohio, and Nebraska (Fink). 
WARTZ recorded it (?) from the West Indies (1791). 
