rott| PRITCHARD—DISSEMINATION OF PUCCINIA £73 
statement is also made by KLEBAHN (19) that “in Germany P. 
graminis does not appear to pass the winter as uredo.”’ CARLETON 
(9) found this to be true in Kansas, and in a two weeks’ trip 
through Texas in December 1895, he could find no rust on winter 
wheat or oats, although it was present there in abundance the 
previous summer. 
The mycelium of the rust is not limited to the leaves and culms 
of cereals, but also enters the seed. ERIKsson (14, 16) found it 
in abundance in the “peripheral tissues’’ of grains, but was unable 
to trace it into the young seedlings. ZuKAL (34) has made similar 
discoveries, and even found it in the seed coats of barley which was 
furnished by Eriksson and supposed to-contain mycoplasm. 
Spores of the Uredineae are frequently present in the seed of 
the host. SmrrxH (30) found teleutospores of P. graminis in oat 
grains lying next to the gluten layer, and ERIKSSON and HENNING 
(16) report the presence of both uredospores and teleutospores of 
P. glumarum in the pericarp of cereal grains. 
Several rusts have been shown to infect their host species 
through the seed. CARLETON (10) demonstrated this conclusively 
for the Euphorbia rust (Uromyces euphorbiae C and P) with the 
seeds of Euphorbia dentata. The plants grown from disinfected 
seed were always free from rust, while the controls were heavily 
infected, although planted in sterilized soil and protected by bell 
jars. MAssEE (25) states that P. malvacearum Mont. commonly 
enters young hollyhock plants through the seed. According to 
McALPINE (26) P. beckmanniae was introduced into Australia in 
1903 and P. impatientis in 1904 through seed of Beckmannia 
erucaeformis and Elymus condensatus, pa uign aed received from 
the U.S. Department of Agriculture. 
Experimental evidence seems to indicate that rusts may infect 
cereals through the seed. When oats were introduced into Ecua- 
dor by growing European seed in the botanical garden at Quito, 
LAGERHEIM (21) reports that the plants became heavily .infected 
with P. coronifera, although neither this rust nor any of its aecidial 
hosts had ever been found in Ecuador. Carefully planned experi- 
ments, covering a period of years, were conducted by ERIKSSON (15) 
to determine whether P. glumarum winters in the seed of wheat 
