246 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [SEPTEMBER 
Tuo, however, came to the author’s hands only in time to be noted in the 
proof. A closer approximation to definitely known conditions, if not yielding 
positive results, might at least have resulted in excluding certain groups of 
factors as having no influence on the formation of coremia. 
In the latter part of the paper, the author distinguishes 11 forms of Penicil- 
lium by their growth characters on the substrata which he used in the first 
part. The forms are not further characterized nor identified with other 
descriptions. The author lays stress on cultural characteristics, and the 
utilization of the coremia-forming habit for separating the species of Penicil- 
lium. Both have been used by Tom in his partial monograph of the group. 
—H. HASSELBRING. 
Feed containing smut spores.—The feeding of grain products containing 
large quantities of smut sporés to animals has usually been regarded as per- 
nicious, both on account of the widespread — supposed to be based on 
practical experience, that the smut spores are injurious to animals, and on 
account of the danger that the spores pass faced through the animal 
body and, as asserted by BREFELD, become a source of infection when they are 
distributed over the fields in manure. These questions have been reinvesti- 
gated by Honcamp and ZIMMERMANN, who as a result of feeding ESRI 
: which large quantities of smut spores, mostly of Tilletia caries with som 
T. laevis, were fed to different domestic animals for long periods of as e; 
came to the conclusion that in no case could any injury be definitely attributed 
to the smut spores. The spores which had passed through the bodies of 
animals, with rare exception, were incapable of germination. Fur 
experiments showed that sound spores mixed with manure or other fertilizers 
and scattered over the soil rarely cause infection of grain. These experiments 
indicate that the danger of infection from smut spores scattered over the 
fields in manure has been largely overestimated. This is true more particu- 
larly of the spores that have passed through the animal body. The only 
source of infection to be regarded of significance in agricultural practice is 
that from the spores adhering to the seed grain, a fact which may be inferred 
from the almost total prevention of smut by treatment of the seed grain.— 
H. HaASsELBRING. 
Temperate plants in Helgoland.—Since the spring of 1904, KucKUCK 
has been experimenting with the introduction into Helgoland of various 
species of plants of warm temperate climates.%* Although situated but 30 
3s Honcamp, FR., und ZrmMERMANN, H. (unter Mitwirkung von G. SCHNEIDER), 
Untersuchungen iiber das Verhalten von Brandsporen im Tierkérper und im Stall- 
diin: r. Centralbl. Bakt. II. 28:590-607. 1910. 
os 
, P., Ueber die Eingewohnung von Pflanzen wirmerer Zonen auf 
oe ‘Bot Zeit. 68%: 49-86. pis. 1-3. figs. 2. 1910. 
