344 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [NOVEMBER 
case IV. The genetic equivalence of the different hermaphrodites 
again stands out clearly in these results, and when the ratios of 
the two series are compared, it is found that the percentage of 
hermaphrodites produced by the hermaphrodite offspring of a 
self-fertilized hermaphrodite is slightly lower than that produced 
by the offspring of these cross-bred hermaphrodites, the former 
producing only 38.2 per cent of hermaphrodites and the latter 
42.6 per cent. The difference is too small to be of significance, 
particularly in view of the fact that much wider differences than 
this are found in families produced from different seed capsules 
on a single plant when pollinated by a single male. It might have 
been expected, perhaps, that a self-fertilized hermaphrodite would 
have produced a larger percentage of hermaphrodites than would 
be produced by the same hermaphrodite crossed upon a female 
of a normal family. The fact that such a result does not appear 
is further proof that, although the hermaphrodite is a heterozygote, 
its egg cells are of a single type and like those of the normal females. 
The last family under this section was produced by crossing 4 
hermaphrodite of 08128(16) upon a female in a genotypically 
distinct strain of Lychnis dioica, received several years ago from the 
vicinity of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The result is quite the 
same as in the other families, all of which were derived from 4 
common stock secured at Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island. 
CASE VIII ; 
WHEN HERMAPHRODITES ARE POLLINATED BY NORMAL MALES 
Pedigree no. Result 
ete 219:116:23 
OO7TS oF. Bee gee oe $2: 16 
cy ee ee tee 292:128:29 
I have already remarked the difficulties encountered in the use 
of hermaphrodites as self-fertilized seed parents. The difficulties 
are still greater when the problem requires the crossing of the 
hermaphrodites with other males, for nearly all the numerous 
castrations which have been made have resulted in the dropping 
