346 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [NOVEMBER 
mother as well as the father. On this account the cross between 
hermaphrodites and males must be considered the most important 
of all combinations in interpreting the relations of the sexes. The 
difficulty involved in the castration of the flowers permits the 
question whether the two hermaphrodites may not have been due 
to a faulty technique, for males produced from unintentional self- 
pollinations would be hermaphrodites.s Special efforts were put 
forth in tg09 to secure more crosses of this character, but these 
resulted in a single success, and that of so limited extent as to be 
wholly indecisive. The 9 offspring of this cross (09215) consisted 
of 8 females and 1 male, so that the little evidence which such a 
small family can give is in harmony with the proposition that the 
character of the female parent has no influence upon the sex char- 
acters of the male offspring, except possibly by supplying an intra- 
cellular environment which is favorable or unfavorable to the occur- 
rence of sex mutation, suggested under case V. Continued efforts 
are being made to secure more data from combinations of hermaph- 
rodites with normal males. 
CASE IX 
WHEN HERMAPHRODITE OFFSPRING OF A HERMAPHRODITE MOTHER AND NORMAL 
MALE FATHER ARE CROSSED UPON AN UNRELATED FEMALE 
Pedigree no. Result 
OA ae oe 382: 389 
OOLEE eS at a, Vie sik 519:33% 
OTAL Oe bos ity S92: 719 . 
The appearance of 2 hermaphrodites in family 08116 of case 
VIII immediately raised the question whether they were true 
genetic hermaphrodites like A and B, or whether they might not 
be somatic hermaphrodites whose hermaphrodite character was not 
in any way related to the fact that they were the offspring of i 
hermaphrodite seed parent. If they should prove to be somatic 
3In a family grown in ror1 from a cross between a white-flowered hermaphro- 
dite and a homozygous blue-flowered male, all the offspring were blue-flowered and 
several (less than 6 per cent) were hermaphrodite, thus showing that such hermaph- 
rodites are not in this instance due to any unintentional self-fertilization. 
