374 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [NOVEMBER 
through a lower branch to a young tree 7.5 dm. high, 24 years old, 
2.5 dm. distant from the parent. This daughter tree was found 
to have produced four smaller ones, 1.5-6 dm. in height, with 
ages ranging from 16 to 22 years. 
3. That the habit may show itself even in large and mature 
individuals is proved by the following case. This tree, a balsam 
es 7° aRyS 
EAN 
a eese Fs 
Fic, 1.—An example of layering as it commonly occurs on Isle Royale, Lake 
Guteibie: Abies balsamea. 
1.5 dm. in diameter and 85 years old, had given rise to a daughter 
tree through a layered branch which started 7.5 dm. above the 
ground. The outer portion of this branch was soil covered and had 
well developed roots. At a distance of one meter from the parent 
it became a symmetrical tree 1. 3m. high. The same large branch 
had also produced two smaller trees by the layering of secondary 
branches. 
