412 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [NOVEMBER 
of gall anatomy divided them into (1) galls without cell multiplication (enlarge- 
ment of cells should not be confused with multiplication of cells), (2) soft 
galls, and (3) hard galls. The divisions are based on the character of the tis- 
sues of which the galls are composed. The author admits there are so many 
intermediate stages as to make these divisions in some cases very unsatisfactory. 
Monry follows KtisTEer’s divisions, and gives a very comprehensive review of 
the various structural (both external and internal) characters of the various 
groups of zoo-cecidia. A review of this part of the paper would require entirely 
too much space and is entirely peagueme! for those who are familiar with the 
literature of the histology of ga 
Another paper of great interest ‘e Americans is by TROTTER™ on a collection 
from Washington, Oregon, Arizona, California, Hawaii, and Mexico. In this 
paper the author describes 88 species, of which g have been described. Of 
the remaining 79, 13 are given specific names and the remainder assigned 
to genera only. This paper is a most excellent illustration of our lack of 
knowledge of the American cecidia. 
Dr. ScaLIA’ gives a very interesting discussion and description of a new 
species on Cyclamen neapolitanum, to which he assigns the name Phyllocopies 
Trotteri. 
One of the most valuable contributions to American cecidology in recent 
years is SmitH’s™ paper on crown gall and sarcoma. In his recent bulletin 
on crown gall, Dr. Sairu calls attention to the resemblances of crown gall o 
plants to malignant animal tumors, especially to sarcoma. This resemblance 
has attracted the attention of many workers, but it remained for SMITH to 
demonstrate that it is something more than superficial. The questions 
previously unsolved which SmitH answers are (1) the presence of bacteria in 
the secondary tumors, (2) the origin of the secondary tumor from the primary 
to which it remains attached by strands of tumor tissue, (3) the structure of the 
secondary tumor is the same as that of the primary. The strand of tumor 
tissue core: the galls works its way as an outgrowth from the primary gall, 
the interior of the stem and leaves. At suitable places it undergoes 
diigisintate forming deep seated seed galls which eventually become 
apparent on the surface. These tumor strands contain the bacteria which 
cause the disease. We are promised othe bulletin on this interesting sub- 
ject which we will await with great interest. 
Another very interesting goatee which the reviewer believes should 
ROTTER, A., Contributo alla Conoscenza delle Galle dell America Nord. Mar- 
cellia 10: 28-61. rie . figs. 21. 1911 
*s ScaLia, Dr. Be = Species di Eriofide sul Cyclamen neapolitanum Ten. 
Marcellia 10:62-64. 1 
6 Sura, ERWIN ‘ Crue gall and sarcoma. Circular No. 85. U.S. Bureau of 
Plant Taduatey: Igit 
