6 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [JANUARY 
Magnolia and Liriodendron differ from the above type only in hav- 
ing anatropous ovules and two-seeded carpels. In the proantho- 
strobilus or Bennettitean type of “‘flower’’ corresponding parts 
occur with a similar arrangement. ARBER and PARKIN hold that 
“its parts are homologous with the carpels, stamens, and perianth 
of a typical amphisporangiate angiospermous flower.’’ It differs 
from this, however, “especially in the presence of a seminal pollen- 
collecting mechanism, and in the form of the microsporophylls,”’ 
which are decidedly fernlike. More details regarding the proantho- 
strobilus cannot be included here, but may be found in the well 
known work of WIELAND (32). 
The seedling structure of Liriodendron has been described by 
Miss THomas (30). She finds here a form intermediate between. 
the normal tetrarch and diarch types of transition from cotyledons 
_ and hypocotyl to root as found in the Ranales, Rhoedales, and 
various other dicotyledons. The writer has confirmed Miss 
Tuomas’ descriptions. The peculiarity in Liriodendron is that 
while in the cotyledons and upper part of the hypocotyl the struc- 
ture is that ordinarily occurring in connection with the tetrarch 
type of root (figs. 13, 14), lower down in the hypocotyl certain 
elements disappear so that the root is diarch (fig. 12). On account 
of lack of material the seedling of Magnolia has not yet been 
studied. 
In both gross structure and anatomy Magnolia and Liriodendron 
afford many points of similarity, possessing certain characters 
common to all Magnoliaceae and others which are peculiar to the 
Magnolieae (28,21). Among the former are woody stems, alternate 
leaves, secretory cells, a characteristic type of stoma, and more 
or less abundant endosperm in the seed; the latter include foliar 
stipules, sclerenchymatous diaphragms in the pith, and the bundles 
of the petiole more or less fused in an irregular ring. 
The arrangement of the vascular bundles in the peduncle of 
Magnolia and in the petioles of Magnolia and Liriodendron is 
shown in figs. 11, 38, and 4o, and details of the petiolar bundle of 
Magnolia are represented in fig. 39. Considering the Magnoliaceae 
as a whole, the petiolar bundles are distributed either as in these 
two species or in the form of a crescent. PARMENTIER (21) regards 
