1914] CURRENT LITERATURE 163 
sac in fact show a condition intermediate between a well developed sperm and 
a naked sperm nucleus; and that this feature indicates the great age of chalazo- 
gams. These conclusions, which are practically the same as those given in the 
previous paper, are based upon a large amount of research and also upon a 
thorough discussion of the literature, in which the work of American investiga- 
tors receives generous recognition. Both authors had already become identi- 
ed with the subject, and no one has contributed more to our knowledge of 
chalazogamous plants than NAWASCHIN. Besides, as the discoverer of “double 
fertilization,” he has made a reputation for brilliant initiative in research, 
while his more recent investigation of the sperm nucleus of Lilium Martagon 
entitles him to a place among the authorities in cytological matters. These 
facts lend weight to the conclusions. The paper deserves a carreul reading by 
everyone who attempts to treat th a cytological 
standpoint. Three of the large plates are e colored, and ‘the fourth (copied from 
various investigators) gives a useful optical survey of pollen tube structures in 
Various groups of gymnosperms and angiosperms.—CHARLES J. CHAMBERLAIN. 
) 
Sedum are discussed. Hovarv? gives good descriptions of a number of cecidia 
in the Natural History Museum of Paris, restricting his discussions to the galls 
and not to the causes. KIEFFER™ Sadiatbes two new genera and two new 
species of cecidomyid galls and gall-makers from Formosa. 
ong the most interesting American contributions is a very suggestiv 
Paper on seedless and malformed fruits by BRowN," in which the author, fey 
sing malformations and Sasi. caused by frost, also calls attention 
to the fact that fruits may b las a result of no pollination or imperfect 
Pollination combined with frost i injuries. After pollination, a severe frost may 
interfere with the fertilization processes and affect both seed.and fruit. The 
author also states that there is relationship between weights of seeds and fruit 
but does not give figures. 
FELT? contributes a very valuable entomological study of gall midges, in 
spel — a, descriptions, and drawings of a great many species. 
T. Coo: 
* Buysson, H. pv, et pipe Sipe Nouvelles cecidologiques du centre de la 
France. Marcellia 12: 27-35. 19 
*Hovarp, C., Les fea cécidologiques du Jaboratoire d’entomolgie du. 
Museum histoire naturelle du Paris: Galles du Mavor. Marcellia 12:35-41. 1913. 
” Krerrer, J. J., pee de deux remarquables cécidomyies de Formose. 
Marcellia 12:42-44. 1913 
~Dkows, F. R., Seadiias and malformed fruits. Biennial Crop Pests and 
5 eta Report lox Igtt and 1912. Oregon Agric. Exp. Station. 
,» A study of gall midges. Lise ta Report of the Ento- 
a Shay of the State of Lah York. pp. 127-226. 1913 
