316 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [APRIL 
regularity and constancy of their production. They appear, not, 
as might be expected, when the fascicles are young, but in those 
three or four years old especially. Unlike the lateral shoots of the 
whorls of branches, they are always negatively geotropic. This 
feature is brought out sharply in pl. XIV, B, which shows a length 
of a three-year old branch between whorls. The fact that fascicles 
as old as three or four years can renew their youth is worth notice. 
Those of Pinus Taeda in Alabama have been found to proliferate 
after two years, having been stimulated to grow from injury by 
cattle. This was in the cases of a couple of small trees which were 
six or eight years old. So far as I have been able to observe, in no 
instances do the abnormally developed spur shoots become pet- 
manent branches in Pinus radiata, although that there is evidently 
nothing in their nature to prevent furthet development appears 
from the fact that such is the case in Pinus Taeda (fig. 2, B). 1 
have thought that the rapid rate of growth of the parent branch and 
the smallness of the spur shoots rendered successful histological 
articulation difficult, discrepancies which would be reduced if the 
parent branch is small to begin with, and of not rapid growth, as 
is true of P. Taeda. 
Another example, and a still more striking one, I found at 
Carmel in the yard of Mr. Stevin, who kindly made a photograph 
forme. Except below, it was entirely without whorls, though . 
few extra-verticillate but ill-developed branches had grown. This 
abortion of whorls is quite common in this tree, but has. been seen 
in other Coniferae (Pumturs, loc. cit.). The tree was growing 
quite near a cesspool. As the photograph shows, the whole of 
the chief stem (save for a small stretch) was densely clothed with 
foliage, due to the proliferation of nearly every fascicle, so that a 
fox-tail effect was produced. In the lower part of the stem, at the 
level of the bottom of the photograph, the spur shoots were dying 
and dropping off. Above they were growing, and the longest had 
attained a length of several centimeters. It was evident, however, 
that they were not able to become permanent in character, and 
there was no evidence that any of the branches had originated 
from fascicles. 
I found no other such examples. Occasionally in small trees 
