1914] MANNING—PORELLA 321 
After the material had been revived, the branches bearing sex 
organs and those bearing sporophytes were killed in 0.25 per cent 
chromo-acetic acid, imbedded, and cut in sections 6-8 thick. 
The stains used were safranin, gentian-violet, and orange G; 
- Safranin and anilin blue; and iron alum-hematoxylin. 
APICAL CELL AND VEGETATIVE BODY.—The apical cell is 
pyramidal, a type found throughout the Jungermanniales. By 
pyramidal is meant a cell whose cross-section is an isosceles triangle, 
and that has three cutting faces. Branches may arise from the 
latest segment of the cutting cell (fig. 1). 
The leafy body is dorsiventral and recumbent, with two dorsal 
leaves and one ventral leaf (amphigastrium). The dorsal leaves 
have ventral lobes, which give to the ventral surface the appear- 
ance of having three rows of leaves. 
The sex organs are borne on short lateral branches, those bear- 
ing archegonia being shorter than those bearing antheridia. The 
Sporophyte is surrounded by a cluster of broad leaves. 
ARCHEGONIUM (figs. 2-9).—The archegonium arises as a papil- 
late cell from the segment of the apical cell or from the apical cell 
itself. The first division is transverse ; the inner cell is the stalk 
cell, which does not divide until late in the development of the 
archegonium; the outer cell forms the archegonium. ‘The first 
division of this outer cell is vertical, followed by two more vertical 
walls in rapid succession, cutting off a central cell. Transverse divi- 
sion of the central cell results in the cap cell and the cell which pro- 
duces the axial row. Divisions of the peripheral cells form a jacket 
about the central cell and its progeny. The axial row comprises 
4-6 neck canal cells in addition to the ventral canal cell and egg. 
: In the material studied, there was found an abnormal archego- 
mum such as ANDREWS (1) reported (fig. 9). Whether such an 
archegonium has any bearing upon the question of the origin of the 
archegonium or not remains to be seen. In any event, it would fit 
Well into the series of hypothetical sketches by Davis (4), connect- 
ing a gametangium (“plurilocular sporangium”’) of the brown algae 
With an archegonium of the liverworts. Miss Lyon (8) has 
described cases of archegonia among the pteridophytes with lateral 
multiplication of the cells of the axial row. 
