364 BOTANICAL GAZETTE (MAY 
P. Cembra, which has usually 5 to the fascicle. To Dr. G. R. SHaw 
I am indebted for another reference to the 3 to 5-leaved condition 
in P. silvestris (see KIRCHNER, LoEW, and SHROETER, Lebensg. d. 
Bliitengepfl. Mitteleur. I, 187) and for one to P. halepensis, a 
bifoliar form which may bear 3, 4, or 5 leaves (see MATHIEU, Fi. 
Forest, ed. 4, 608). In Gardeners Chronicle of 1852 (p. 693) an 
anonymous writer speaks of having raised a variety of P. austriaca 
(normally bifoliar) with 3 leaves. He speaks of these fascicles as 
being all over the tree, which was about ro feet high and very dense. 
The same writer says: “I also find Pinus Hartwegii still halting 
between two opinions between a 3-leaved and a 5-leaved fir. . - - - 
Pinus mitis, P. variabilis, P. muricata, and others are too well 
known in their similar tendencies to need remark. My Pinus 
insignis has many a group of 4 leaves, instead’ of the prescribed $e" 
In P. macrophylla he found fascicles with 6 and 7 needles quite 
common, even some with 8. SHaw himself (26, p. 6), in his descrip- 
tion of the pines of Mexico, encountered so much variation in four 
of the nut pines (P. cembroides, P. monophylla, P. edulis, and 
P. Parryana) that he said: “I find it impossible to separate these 
specifically, their cones being identical and the number of their 
leaves inconstant.’”’ The leaves in the foregoing instance varied 
between 1 and 5. He has also recorded (p. 23) a great variation 
in single species. Of P. Montezumae he says: “Trees bearing 
fascicles of 6, 7, or 8 leaves are quite common, but such excessive 
numbers are found usually on older trees and in favorable years: 
On young trees fascicles of 3 and 4 leaves may be found, but in all 
cases fascicles of 5 predominate.” Of P. ponderosa the same 
author states that the leaves are in fascicles of 2-5, but has found 
fascicles of 6-8 on mature trees. P. Teocote, P. patula, and P. 
Lawsoni agree in having usually 3-to the fascicle, but the first ~ 
have occasionally 4 or 5, while this is more usual in the third. 
In P. leiophylla the conditions are evidently reversed, since mae 
(p. 13) says that the leaves are “in fascicles of 5 or of 3 and 4. 
SARGENT (24, p. 119) states of P. serotina: ‘The leaves are borne 
in clusters of 3 or occasionally of 4 on vigorous young shoots, 
while of P. heterophylla he says (p. 157): “The leaves are borne » 
crowded clusters of 2 or 3, the 2-leaved clusters being most common 
