368 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [MAY 
the anonymous writer in Gardeners Chronicle of 1852, to whom 
reference has already been made. He says of these spurs in P. 
silvestris: “J have gathered 8 or 10 examples round one bud alone,” 
and adds ‘“‘on the macrophylla the examples are very numerous,” 
evidently intending it to be understood that the abnormal fascicles 
of this species, which he has described with 6-8 needles, were also 
found in the branch region. I have observed in P. excelsa 6-7 
needles in the same position, in P. parviflora 6, and in P. virginiana 
3. The first two of these are normally 5-foliate, while the third 
is 2-foliate. In P. Jeffreyi, which is normally 2~-3-foliate, I have 
found on plants of about 8 years of age spurs with 5-6 needles; 
these were often in a terminal position (see fig. 13, where a branch 
has originated from such a spur). In all cases it is more usual for 
_ the extra numbers to appear on the main axis than on branches, 
though I have found them on the same plant in both places. I 
have examined fruiting branches in the case of P. Strobus and P. 
excelsa only, and have found several instances of 6-needled fascicles 
on these. 
This normal production of supernumerary leaved fascicles, 
as it may be considered, is interesting, but of much greater interest 
is their traumatic production. The past summer, Mr. J. 
FRYER was experimenting with white pine along this line and 
succeeded in producing on young trees, about 15 feet high, fascicles 
of 6-8 leaves, in one instance 11. He cut the young growth from 
vigorous branches and main axes in the latter part of May, and when 
new growths arose they had in some cases the extra needles in the 
fascicles. In P. excelsa, at about the same height, I found in the 
middle of July many such cases, where the terminal bud had been 
injured in the early spring (probably by the pine shoot beetle, 
Hylesinus piniperda) when the fascicles were beginning to develop. 
The wounding caused numbers of these fascicles to develop extra 
leaves. Fig. 3 gives a fair illustration of the tufted appearance of 
these shoots and shows three fascicles with 9-11 needles (see 
in fig. to the central fascicle). In some instances the number of 
leaves reached 15. In P. parviflora I have found on a young tree 
fascicles of 6-9 needles. These were near the top of the. ee 
axis, which had been slightly wounded lower down. Even 9 the 
