380 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [MAY 
has very long green bracts near its base and shows the gradation 
between fascicled and primordial leaves, to which reference has 
already been made. I have also found green bracts on the branches 
from spurs of P. excelsa, P. halepensis, P. Jeffreyi, P. Laricio, 
P. Pinaster, P. Pinea, P. Thunbergii, P. tuberculata. These are 
especially large in the P. Thunbergii. I have also observed ordi- 
nary proliferation due to wounding in P. resinosa, P. silvestris, 
and P. Sirobus. In most cases these were young trees about 10- 
15 feet high. In the case of P. Laricio, P. Laricio var. austriaca, 
P. resinosa, P. silvestris, and P. Strobus, the trees were mature. 
In fig. 12 two proliferating bifoliar spurs from an adult Scotch 
pine are shown. It will be noticed that they are the two uppermost 
spurs (cf. DicKson’s observations cited above), and that the injury 
was done to the apex of the shoot of the year when the little spurs 
were just developing, not more than one-half an inch in length 
(see the one attached to the dead apex of the main axis). This is 
a feature which is usual in other species as well. When the injury 
is done to the terminal part of the young developing shoot, I have 
always found a proliferation of the spurs below the injured part. 
This never extends to the needles of a previous year, nor have I 
observed that a spur shoot bud can ever be revived after it has 
remained dormant over the winter, unless some preliminary growth 
took place the first year. This feature, however, is being investl- 
gated by Mr. Frver, who is carrying on a series of wound experl- 
ments on the pines in order to determine at what season, on what 
year’s growth, etc., the best proliferation can be obtained by wound- 
ing. He has not found that in the mature tree the spurs of P. 
Strobus, when a year old, can be induced to develop, though those 
of the season’s growth do so very abundantly if wounded early: 
_ His test cases were with twigs which had proliferated last year. 
He tried to arouse the dormant buds of neighboring fascicles by 
cutting away all but the lowest and smallest of the proliferated 
spurs. Only those that had grown the year before showed any 
signs of doing so this year. It seems probable, then, in this species 
that when the bud of the spur has lain dormant over the winter 
it cannot be revived. The leaves in this form are shed in the second 
year, and whether or not those with more persistent spurs cam be 
