1910] YOUNG—PODOCARPINEAE 85 
cell is almost always in advance. It has not only more cytoplasm 
than the other, but nearly always a larger nucleus, and often the other 
shows signs of degeneration. Figs. 20 and 32 are both drawn so as 
to show the largest diameter of each male cell and nucleus. The 
division of the cytoplasm is sometimes hard to demonstrate, and the 
appearance is that of two free nuclei. Careful staining, however, 
shows that two definite male cells are formed. 
THE FEMALE GAMETOPHYTE 
Some belated cones collected November 18 gave the earliest stages. 
Fig. 21 shows an ovule with its free nucellus, its wide open micropyle 
with pollen grains, and the arillus making its appearance as a slight 
swelling at the base. The stony part of the integument develops 
from a layer two cells deep. The “outer fleshy layer” does not 
thicken up, but remains represented by only the epidermis and the 
cells directly under it. 
The megaspore mother cell evidently gives rise to a row of three 
cells, the innermost being the functional megaspore; in fig. 3 it 
has germinated and has two free nuclei. The young prothallus is 
surrounded by a layer of glandular, vacuolate cells encroaching on 
the surrounding nucellar tissue. This ‘spongy layer” at a later 
period is much more marked and the cells become binucleate. The 
megaspore membrane soon appears and is well marked in the early 
free-nucleate stages. In having the megaspore membrane and 
spongy layer Phyllocladus agrees with all the Podocarpineae except 
Podocar pus, and differs from all the Taxineae. 
Wall formation was not found, nor archegonium initials. The 
development of the young gametophyte is evidently rapid, for material 
collected November 25 was in the free-nucleate stage, while that of 
December 3 contained archegonia and an occasional very young 
embryo. 
The gametophyte produces two archegonia, each with its jacket 
of multinucleate cells; Miss KitpaAnt found occasionally three or 
four. The youngest archegonium obtained is shown in fig. 24. The 
width at the top seems to be due to the rapid centrifugal growth of 
the tissues at the upper (archegonial) end of the prothallus, which is 
indicated by radial lines of cells and numerous spindles. The initial 
