1910] YOUNG—PODOCARPINEAE 87 
three archegonia, of which the two shown had apparently arisen from 
adjacent initials and formed a complex with a common jacket. The 
necks, consisting of four cells each, are attached to one another, one 
on each side of the common wall. This wall is almost parallel with 
the plane of the page and passes between the two egg nuclei. In 
another gametophyte three archegonia were found with a single jacket 
layer separating two of them; the usual amount of tissue lay between 
them and the third. 
Fig. 33 illustrates the resistance of the jacket membrane to the 
action of the tube. The neck of this archegonium has been pushed 
into a vertical position, and part of the egg cytoplasm has been 
squeezed away from the rest and shows signs of degeneration. 
Shortly before fertilization a ventral canal nucleus is cut off, but 
there is no trace of a wall (figs. 30, 34). In this Phyllocladus agrees 
with Podocarpus, Taxus, and Cephalotaxus, but not with Torreya, 
In the latter not even a nucleus has been found. 
Podocar pus is the only member of its tribe whose female gameto- 
phyte has been studied. In it CoKER (5) found six to ten archegonia. 
The neck varies greatly, having commonly three tiers of four cells 
each, but sometimes the number of cells is more than twenty-five. 
FERTILIZATION AND THE EMBRYO 
At the time of fertilization both egg and jacket cells are rich in 
proteid vacuoles,’ and the egg nucleus is surrounded by a homoge- 
nous and very dense layer of cytoplasm. The contents of the pollen 
tube enter the egg through the neck, leaving the cells intact. Fig. 
35 shows both male cells in the egg; the larger fuses with the egg 
nucleus, some of the cytoplasm apparently contributing to the embryo. 
Though no trace of the prothallial, stalk, and tube nuclei could be 
found in this case, it is reasonable to suppose that they entered with 
the rest of the contents of the tube. In fig. 27 a tube is seen pressing 
against the side of an archegonium. With further growth probably 
the wall will be forced into a vertical position, in which case fertiliza- 
tion can take place in the usual way. 
Miss Kitpaut reports the formation of at Jeast eight free nuclei in 
the proembryo, and my material furnishes nothing more. Ovules 
collected in January had embryos with two cotyledons and long 
