240 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [SEPTEMBER 
Removal of cotyledons.—JAcosr?! has studied the effect of the removal 
of various amounts of cotyledonary tissue upon the rate of growth of seedlings. 
the cotyledon is most increased. In Cucurbita and the pines, the cotyledons 
of course bear little food material and function as leaves. The paper ad 
little that is new.— WILLIAM CROCKER. 
Morphology of Cunninghamia.—In 1908 MIvaAKE published a preliminary 
account of the gametophytes and embryo of the monotypic Cunninghamia, 
which was reviewed in this journal (46:156. 1908). Now the full paper has 
appeared,?? with its excellent plates and photomicrographs. The revieW 
referred to includes a synopsis of the most important results, so that it is only 
necessary to announce the appearance of the full paper.—J. M. C. 
Insect galls —BEUTENMULLER’3 has published two more valuable papers oP 
the American gall-producing insects and their galls. In these two papers he 
kes up 44 species, including three new ones, gives complete synonomy and 
bibliography for each, and clear, comprehensive descriptions of both the galls 
and the insects. This series of papers is of very great value to both the botanist 
and the entomologist—Met T. Coox. ' 
A new disease of apples.—Lrwis*4 has recently described a new species oe 
Endomyces (E. mali), which he finds capable of producing a slow decay of Bite 
apples. This is the first species of this family to be reported from the United 
States, and hence many will be interested in the facts he gives regarding the a 
phology, spore production, relationship, and cultural behavior of this new specie: 
—E. Meap Witcox. | 
Polarity.—Miss FREUND?S has made a study of polarity in the twigs of 
plants. The paper offers nothing new on the subject. Her work might have 
been far more conclusive if she had been acquainted with the work ‘of MACAL- 
LUM,*°and had applied the cultural methods used by him.—WILLIAM CROCKER. 
2x Jacost, HELENE, Ueber den Einfluss der Verletzung von Kotyledonen aul 
Wachstum von Keimungen. Flora 101:279~-289. figs. 2. 1910. Ae : 
_ 2 Miyake, K., The development of the gametophytes and embryogeny ™ ©" 
ninghamia sinensis. Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 2731-25. pls. I-5. 191 cheie 
23 BEUTENMULLER, Wm., The North American species of Neurolerus pears 
galls. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 28:117-136. pls. 8-13. 1910; and the North Am 
species of Aylax and their galls. Idem 28:137-144. pl. 14. 1910. ie 
24 Lewis, C. E., An Endomyces from apple. Bull. Maine Exp. Sta. 178:45 
Jigs. 58-71. 1910. a 
2s FREUND, YELLA, Untersuchungen iiber Polaritat bei Pflanzen. Flora 1:279" 
308. Ig00. 
26 MaCattum, W. B., Regeneration in plants. Bot. GAZETTE 40:97-120 74° 
263. 1905. 
