346 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [NOVEMBER 
strand appears as a few elongated cells between the base of the 
apical dome and the base of the cotyledonary bundles (figs. 8-10, 
16-20); as the dropper elongates these cells increase in number 
by additions at the growing end, and become more completely 
' differentiated into vascular elements (figs. 8, 11, 13). At the 
end of the strand branches are given off into the scales developed 
from the apex. The vascular elements are only slightly developed 
in the bulb bundles, since there is little strength required, and the 
bundles are surrounded by abundant parenchyma. The spiral 
vessels are the most easily distinguished parts of the bundles. 
During the summer the bulb shows no external signs of activity, 
but the stem apex is then organizing the first foliage leaf for the 
second vegetative season. In its inception the leaf resembles a 
scale leaf, but soon becomes differentiated into a blade and a basal 
portion. By the elongation of the base, the blade is elevated 
above the stem apex (fig. 15,2). The apical dome is thus left in a 
position simulating that of an axillary bud, with the leaf as its 
subtending organ. But the further development of the dome, 
as well as its immediately preceding history, identifies this as the 
stem apex. The leaf and the apical dome are in the relative devel- 
opment given about July r. 
In the development of the foliage leaf, the elongation of the 
petiole lifts the lamina above the stem apex before the latter 
becomes inclosed by the development of the margins of the blade. 
The margins grow outward from the median portion of the leaf 
rudiment, their edges passing each other above the level of the 
stem apex. The base of the petiole grows about the stem apex, 
so that this becomes inclosed in a sheath much as was the apical 
dome in the cotyledonary sheath. A small opening connects the 
cavity of the sheath with the space outside the petiole in the bulb. 
At this time there appears in the axil of the leaf an axillary 
bud, which from its position in reference to the apical dome seems 
to be borne upon the surface of the dome, rather than to be truly 
axillary to the leaf. A bud is also developed in the axil of the inclos- 
ing scale. The stem apex develops usually two bulb scales during 
the late summer, thus forming a bulb rudiment at the base of 
the leaf by the close of the year. In these primary bulbs the stem 
