452 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [DECEMBER 
hook at their bases. The binucleate penultimate cell may also 
grow out (fig. 41) to form a hook (fig. 42), or sometimes an ascus. 
In other cases it does not develop further (fig. 43). When this 
occurs the two nuclei may or may not fuse. Fig. 43 shows a 
case in which two binucleate cells were formed, the terminal one 
of which developed into a three-celled hook of the type first 
described. This hook then gave rise to an ascus and a second 
hook. It is clear from this that the same hypha may behave 
differently at different times. The formation of two binucleate 
cells may be repeated several times, as is shown diagrammatically 
in fig. 44. 
In Verpa bohemica, Fautt (11) found the asci connected with 
the first, second, third, or fourth cell from the tip, but did not deter- 
mine whether the asci grew out from the third or fourth cell, or 
whether the terminal cell underwent division after the budding 
out of the ascus. 
In Anixia spadicea and Urnula eatin; ee (11) says 
that it looks as if the ascus might spring from any cell whatever. 
Judging from Favtt’s figures, all of the above cases might perhaps 
be. explained as due to the two methods of multiplication of asci 
described in Leotia. 
In L. chlorocephala the ascus soon after its formation grows 
out into a much elongated cell. Its nucleus divides three times, 
in the manner usual among the nearly related Pezizineae, and gives 
rise to the nuclei of the eight spores. The spores are at first 
round, but by subsequent growth they become elongated and vacuo- 
lated. 
Systematic position of Leotia 
ENGLER (10) places Leotia in a group near the Pezizineae. 
The observations recorded above seem to confirm this view of the 
near relationship. The large cell, probably an ascogonium, at the 
base of the ascocarp and the presence of the ascogenous hyphae 
in the stipe suggest a homology with those Pezizineae in which 
the asci are formed from a single ascogonium, as Lachnea scutellata, 
Peziza granulosa, Ascobolus pulcherrimus (WORONIN 29), Ascobolus 
furfuraceus (JANCZEWSKI 17, HARPER 15, WELSFORD 28), ASco- 
demus nigricans (VAN TIEGHEM 27), Ryparobius sp. (BARKER 1), 
