1910] CURRENT LITERATURE 473 
It was found also that on dead or dying leaves infected with Hormodendron 
the conidia of that form gave way to fructifications of Cladosporium. It seems, 
therefore, that during the actively parasitic life of the fungus Hormodendron 
conidia are formed, but at the end of the growing season Cladosporium develops 
on the dead and fallen leaves. The conidiophores of Cladosporium arise from 
a sclerotium-like mass of fungous cells. The author finds that the cells of 
this sclerotium retain their vitality through the winter and give rise to conidio- 
phores of Cladosporium in the spring. The disease is probably propagated 
by means of these sclerotia and conidia. 
In order to describe the means by which some of the parasitic fungi whose 
of several species. The pycnidia of Mycosphaerella sentina Kleb. on fallen 
pear leaves left exposed during the winter were found to contain numerous 
conidia capable of germination during all the months of winter and as late as 
June, when new infections of the fungus appeared in the orchards. The 
temperature during the winter ranged as low as —22°2. Infection experi- 
ments with these conidia were not successful, but this the author attributes 
to faulty methods of manipulation. Infections with other conidia which had 
been exposed to low temperatures for a short time were successful. The conidia 
of Pseudopeziza Ribis Kleb. were also shown to retain their vitality through 
the winter. Conidia of Fusicladium pirinum and F. dendriticum subjected to 
low temperatures once or several times were still capable of germination, 
although in this case the matter is of less importance, since both of these fungi 
um 
ROO BARTLETT report on two diseases of gooseberry bushes 
caused by Botrytis cinerea and Cytosporina . Ribis. The ae mncicalion that 
plants are attacked by Botrytis is the Later the 
basal parts of such branches show great manabers of conidiophores of B. cinerea 
arising from sclerotia situated just outside of the woody cylinder. At this 
time it is found that.the pith, wood, and bast are filled with mycelium. The 
fact that the wood is infected is particularly interesting, as Botrytis generally 
attacks only the soft parenchymatous tissues. It appears, however, that in 
this case lignified walls are not affected by the fungus, which makes its way 
through the vessels, and passes from cell to cell through the pits. The com- 
position of the lignified tissues appears not to be changed. The food sub- 
stances of the medullary rays are used up, but nothing is said of the contents 
of the wood parenchyma. Infections were produced by inserting into wounds 
™ Ewert, R., Die Ueberwinterung von Sommerkonidien pathogener Ascomyceten 
und die Widerstandsahight derselben gegen Kilte. Zeitschr. Pflanzenkrank. 20: 
129-141. figs. 2. 1910. 
73 Brooks, F. - and BartTLetr, A. W. or a bushes. Ann. 
Myc. 8:167-183. pl. 1. 1910. 
