854 THK JOURNAL OF BOTANY 
Semaroryyitium Mitt. Journ. Linn. Soe. viii. 5, 1864. 
Hypnum (subsect. Aptychus) C.M. Syn. vn ii, 825 (1851). 
Rhynchostegium (subgen. Raphidostegium) Br. & Sch. Bryol. 
Europ., fase. 49-51 (1852). 
Raphidostegium ‘De Not. Cronaca, ii. 81, 1867. 
sp ii (sect. Raphidorhyncha) Schimp. Syn. Muse. ed. 
2, 678-680 (1876). 
It must be admitted, however, that it would have been far 
better aa Mitten raised ’ Raphidostegium to generic rank, as all the 
essential rsoctrian of the genus were recognized in the Bryologia 
Europea, and several American ae European species were named. 
In fact, Hypnum iasuel was n 
On comparing the literature, it will be found that Bae is great 
diversity of usage in various standa rd works. Jaeger and Sauer- 
beck, in the Adwmbratio, recognized 134 species of Baphidostegium, 
and 53 of Sematophylium, but the type-species of the latter was 
desabite d in the former, as well as many species which had been ~ 
referred to Sematophyllum by Mitten in his Musct Adustro- Americant. 
Paris, in the Indew Bryologicus, listed 295 species of Raphidostegium 
and 124 of Sematophyllum, with the type-species of the latter in- 
eluded in the former; he also reduced the genus Pungentella C.M. to 
Sematophyllum. Carl Miiller continued to use his names Aptychus 
and Pungentelia as synonymous to the usual use of Raphidostegium 
and Sematophylium as long as he lived. He published nine species 
Jap, showing that there is no we sre of usage, even at the 
present time. 
te roe aie of Sematophyllum is European, and the syno- 
nymy is as follo 
1. Riladiitea SUBSTRUMULOSUM (Hampe). 
Otago (Aptychus) substrumulosum Hampe in Bot. Zeit. xx. 12, 
1862 
Sematophyllum auricomum Mitt. in Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 5, t. 2 
(i 
Hypnum (Riynchostegivm) surrectum Mitt.? Journ. Linn. Soc. viii. 
.t 2 
liens: Wavwitehéi Schimp. Syn. Muse. ed. 2, 679, 1876. 
Raphidostegium Welwitschii Jaeg. & Sauerb. Adum as: 388, 1877. 
Eurhynchium Welwitschiti Husn. Muse. Gall. 348, 1 
Type-locality, Canary Islands, Madeira, Teneriffe, and Portugal. 
Habitat on rotten trunks and on olive-trees. 
It will be seen, by comparing the synon ymy as given by Limp- 
richt in the Laubmoose (Rabenh. Kryptfl. iv. 8, 287 U7, with 
the above, that a number of mistakes have been corrected, and 
compared S. auricomum with S. demissum, and described Hypnu 
surrectum on the following page, figuring it on the same plate, with 
