The Nature and Origin of Stipules. 11 



Clos, D. — Les Vrilles des Smilax ni Folioles ni Stipules. Bull. Soc. Bot. 

 Fr. 4: 984-987. 1857. 



A summary is given of the literature pertaining to the tendrils 

 of Smilax. They are considered as representing two lateral leaf- 

 lets of a compound leaf by von Mohl (Ueber den Bau und das 

 Winden der Rauken und Schlingpflanzen, 41, 1827), Lindley 

 (Introd. to Botany, Ed. 2, 118, 1835), Link (Elem. Phil. Bot. Ed. 2, 

 1 : 478, 1837), St. Hilaire (Lecons de Bot. 170 and 854, 1840), Le 

 Maout (Atlas de Bot. 23, 1846) and Duchartre (Art. vrille in 

 Diet. Univ. Hist. Nat.). 



Mirbel (Elem. de Physiol, et de Bot., 2: 680, 1815), Trevi- 

 ranus (Physiol, der Gewachse. 2: 138, 1838), Seringe (Elem. de 

 Bot. 175, 1841), De Candolle (Theorie Element. Ed. 3, 321, 1844), 

 Trecul (Ann. Sci. Nat. (Ill), 20: 295, 1854) and Lestiboudois 

 (Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 4: 745, 1857), believe these organs to be stip- 

 ular tendrils. It is the opinion of Clos that they are neither leaf- 

 lets nor stipules, but a double lateral prolongation of the cellulo- 

 vascular elements of the petiole. 



Rossiuan, J.— Beitrage zur Kentuiss der Phyllomorphose. 1857. (Cited 

 by Clos in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 26: 192. 1879.) 



Rossman considers the problem of the nature of stipules, and 

 from a study of bud-scales arrived at his conclusions. He figures 

 the passage from bud-scales to leaves in Bibes sanguineum Pursh, 

 Prunus Padus L., Spiraea sorbifolia L., etc. He notes the pres- 

 ence in the bud-scales of three median veins, separated at the base 

 and joining one another at the apex, where the petiole will origi- 

 nate. The lateral parts of the scale outside of these three nerves 

 he believes to represent the stipules which show themselves at the 

 appearance of the blade in two little points at the apex. 



Hanstein, J. — Ueber giirtleforrnigeGefassstraug-Verbindung in Stengle- 

 knoten dicotyler Gewacbse. Abhandl. der Akademie der Wissenscbaften zu Ber- 

 lin, 1857 : 77-98. 1858. 



The vascular nodal girdle of the Stellatse is treated of at length. 

 It is shown that from this girdle arise the bundles that supply 

 those leaves of the whorl which are really stipules, and in some 

 cases also the veins of the lateral parts of the true leaves. Similar 

 nodal girdles are shown to exist in other families of plants, nota- 

 bly in Sambucus, Valeriana, Verbena, Dipsacus, Scabiosa, Dahlia 

 and Silphium. In Sambucus Ebulus L. the girdle sends off vascular 

 branches to true stipules. In the majority of other cases if 



