THE ORDERS OF TELEOSTOMOUS FISHES 481 



Suborder 4. Carencheli 1 Gill 



Fam. Derichthyidse 

 Suborder 5 . Lyomeri i Gill and Ryder 



Fam. Saccopharyngidas (Gulpers) 



(1) Archencheli. Upper Cretaceous "Apodes with well- 

 developed cleithrum, pectoral arch, pectoral and ventral fins, 

 and a distinct caudal fin . . . Palatopterygoid arch de- 

 veloped. Scales rudimentary [vestigial] or absent; in some 

 cases a row of enlarged plates on each side, probably on. the 

 lateral lines. Ribs present. One genus Anguillavus" (Hay 2 

 1903, p. 436). 



(2) Enchelycephali Cope (fyx e ^ s > ee b «€(f>aXr], head), includ- 

 ing according to Gill and Jordan, the Anguillidae or true 

 Eels, Simenchelyidae (Pug-nosed Eels), Ilyophidae (Ooze Eels), 

 Synaphobranchidae (Deep Sea Congers), Leptocephalidae (Conger 

 Eels), Muraenesocidae, Nettastomidae (Sorcerers), Nemichthy- 

 idse (Snipe Eels), Myridas (Worm Eels), Ophichthyidae (Snake 

 Eels) ; these are all (except Nemichthyidae) included in the 

 family Anguillidae by Boulenger. In these the gill openings are 

 well developed, leading to large interbranchial slits, the tongue 

 is present, the opercles and branchial bones are well developed, 

 the scapular arch is present. 



(3) Suborder Colocephali Cope (ko'Ao?, defective, K^aX-q, head) , 

 including according to the American school the Murasnidas 

 (Morays), Myrocongridae, Moringuidae; these are all called Murae- 

 nidas by Boulenger. In this highly degenerate group the gill 

 openings are small, rounded, leading to restricted interbranchial 

 slits, the tongue is wanting, the pectoral fins (typically) are 

 wanting, the opercles reduced, the fourth gill arch modified, 

 strengthened, and supporting pharyngeal jaws, the maxillaries 

 are functionally replaced by the toothed palatopterygoid, the 

 premaxillaries by the toothed ethmovomer. 



(4) Suborder Carencheli. According to Gill these deep-sea 

 forms differ from the true Eels and Morays in the retention of 



1 Of more or less uncertain relationship to the typical Apodes; may- 

 deserve separate ordinal rank. 



2 Hay, O. P. "Cretaceous Fishes from Mount Lebanon, Syria," Bull. 

 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., Vol. XIX, 1902. 



