NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 567 



The necessary connection between the coal fields and any- 

 great development of the iron and steel industry was emphasized 

 and the future of the three great producers of to-day forecast 

 as involved in the permanency of the coals. The reserves of 

 coal are greater in Germany and America than in Great Britain. 

 The province of Shan-si, China, having rich stores of both 

 coal and iron, seems to be the one possible new location of the 

 future great iron industry. 



Professor Kemp's paper was discussed by Messrs. McMillin 

 and Kunz, the chair, and others. Replies were made by 

 Professor Kemp. 



A. W. Grabau, 



Secretary. 



SECTION OF BIOLOGY. 

 January 16, 1905. 



Section met at 8.15 p.m., Vice-President W. M. Wheeler 

 presiding. 



The minutes of the last meeting of the Section were read 

 and approved. 



The following program was then offered : 



Esther F. Byrnes, Transitional Stages and Variations in 



Certain Species of Cyclops. 

 "W. M. Wheeler, Ants that Raise Mushrooms. 



Summary op Papers. 



Dr. Byrnes described the transitional stages and variations 

 in some species of Cyclops. The species C. signatus occurs 

 sexually mature in morphologically incomplete stages. It 

 is then characterized by eleven antennal segments instead 

 of the adult number, seventeen , and is comparatively small 

 in size and pale in color. Large numbers of adults of the type 

 C. viridis show striking variations in the armature of the swim- 

 ming feet. Similar antennae and fifth feet are correlated in 

 one type of individual with the swimming feet of C. parens, 

 in another form with C. viridis (var. americanus) , and in another 

 with C. brevispinosus. Occasionally serial and lateral varia- 



