[Annals N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. XXIII, pp. 177-192, 25 February, 1914.] 



REVISION OF THE GENUS ZAPHRENTIS 



By Marjorie O'Connell, A. M. 



{Presented hy title before the Academy, 1 December, 1913) 



The status of the genus Zaphrentis and of two or three allied genera 

 has been the subject of considerable discussion, opinions as to the generic 

 t3rpes and descriptions varying widely, and being founded, as a rule, not 

 upon the original descriptions but upon their subsequent interpretations. 

 The study whose results are given in the present communication was 

 undertaken for the purpose of establishing the facts of the case. Original 

 descriptions and figures have in all cases been consulted, and the discus- 

 sions and sjmonymies of later writers have been studied and compared. 

 In the older descriptions, which are all in French, it has been necessary 

 for the sake of clearness to introduce modern terminology, but the origi- 

 nal French is given throughout in foot-notes so that verification of the 

 translation and of the interpretation is possible. 



The genus Zaphrentis was first described in 1820 by Rafinesque and 

 Clifford (1, 234),^ the following characters being noted: 



Exterior striated, calyx with straight septa, axis almost central, mamellose, 

 striated exceutrically by flexiiose lines diverging from an excentric point near 

 a deep, lateral, oblong gap, dorsal, or situated near the convex curvature. The 

 animal must have had a particular organ corresponding to that gap and to the 

 axis of radiation.^ 



Five species are described, namely, Z. campanula, Z. phrygia, Z. cari- 

 nata, Z. concava and Z. angulata, all from the Falls of the Ohio, but the 

 descriptions are very indefinite and lacking in detail, and the only form 

 which can be recognized is Z, phrygia. This is characterized as 



turbinate, wrinkled ; calyx oblique, campanulate, center concave, septa lamel- 

 lar ; base curved, obtuse, entire. A small species resembling a Phrygian bon- 

 net, reversed.' 



1 The first number in the parenthesis refers to the same number in the bibliography at 

 the end of this article, the second to the page references. 



» "Stride ext^rieurement, ^toile a rayons droits, axe presque central, mamellonn^, 

 radi6 excentriquement par des rayons flexeux divergeant d'un point excentrique prfes d'un 

 trou oblong, profond, lateral, dorsal ou situe du cote de la courbure convexe. L'animal a 

 dli avoir un organe particulier correspondant a ce trou et a I'axe radi6." 



' "Turbin^e, rid6e ; etoile oblique campanul^e, centre concave, rayons lamellaires ; base 

 courb6e, obtuse, entifere. — Petite espfece resemblant a un bonnet phrygien renvers6." (1, 

 235.) 





177) 



