182 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



the septa, and it is quite probable that identification was made by form 

 and size only, the septal characters being taken from Ohio or Kentucky 

 specimens of Z. cornicula. 



In the Columbus limestone of Ohio the latter are often found associ- 

 ated with the spherical, spirally striated globules Calcisphoera rohusta. It 

 is thus evident that Lesueur included under his CaryophyUia cornicula 

 several species. This was not an uncommon thing for authors to do at 

 that time, when they tried to fit in many quite diverse forms under the 

 already established genera. 

 N/ Zaphrentis plirygia has already been discussed, but it may be well to 

 add that a number of specimens in the Columbia University collection 

 may readily be identified with Z. plirygia as originally described, and 

 they agree perfectly with the description of that species in form, size, 

 fossula and striae and particularly in the distinctive obtuse angle of the 

 base. The only difference between these specimens and the description is 

 the presence of carinas, which makes it seem as though, inasmuch as these 

 specimens came from the type locality, Kafinesque and Clift'ord over- 

 looked, or failed to mention the carinae, particularly since Edwards and 

 Haime, who probably had the type material before them, make the carinae 

 one of the characteristics of this species of Zaplwentis. 



In the second edition of Lamarck, edited by Deshayes and Milne Ed- 

 wards, the species CaryophyUia cornicula of the latter author is described 

 as 



simple, cornieiilate. striate, witli transverse undulations dilating toward the 

 apex ; calyx concave ; septa serrate." 



D'Orbigny merely mentions the species Caninia punctaia. but does not 

 describe it. (8, 105.) 



All of those forms, then, are included by Edwards and Haime under 

 Zaphrentis cornicula. It is interesting to note that although cornicula is 

 the type for Zaphrentis, it is now usually accepted as one of the most 

 common forms of Heliophyllum and was described as TI. coimiculum by 

 Hall in 1882 as follows: 



"Corallum simple, turbinate, regularly curved, acute at the base, rapidly 

 expanding; exterior with shallow constrictions; the surface usually compara- 

 tively smooth ; on well presem-ed specimens the costiie are pi*ominent ; height 

 usually from thirty to thirty-five millimeters, diameter from twenty to twenty- 

 five millimeters, though examples have been found seventy millimeters in 

 height and forty-five millimeters in diameter : one calyx of twenty-five milli- 

 meters diameter has a depth of fifteen millimeters ; the sides descend regularlv 



^ "C. fossilis simplex, corniculata, striata, transversim undulata. ad apicem dilata ; 

 steHa concava ; lamellis dentatis." (3, 351.) 



