REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR I913 95 



this site to be one of the several Totiacton villages. There is every 

 evidence of a continued contact with Europeans and the artifacts 

 of the so-called stone age mingle with those of European manu- 

 facture, such as brass, iron, lead, crockery, glass and bone. 



Much of the material came from refuse pits and dumps, but by 

 far the greater portion was taken from the numerous graves on 

 the sloping hillside. The objects found by Mr Dann were care- 

 fully cataloged, giving thereby an added value. An interesting 

 variety of pipes is contained in this collection. Of greater interest, 

 however, is the fine collection of pottery vessels, some of which 

 have unique features, for instance, handles or ears. Among the 

 shell ornaments are many quarts of wampum beads, many effigies, 

 disks, crescents and cylindrical and spheroidal beads. The bone 

 implements include a fine series of combs having figures carved at 

 the top, awls, effigy figures of the human form, cylindrical beads 

 and tortoise carapaces. The stone implements include the usual 

 array of flints, anvils, hammers and pitted stones. 



The proof of European contact is found in the European wam- 

 pum, glass beads, objects of brass (as kettles, chains etc.), iron 

 knives, lead and pewter. 



By this collection it is possible to illustrate the art of the Senecas 

 in all the various substances in which they wrought and, then to 

 show side by side the objects brought by the traders to supplant 

 the native artifacts. The goods of the white man were superior and 

 were therefore eagerly sought. Native industries gradually de- 

 creased and they became dependent upon implements and utensils 

 that they themselves did not and could not produce. A temporary 

 arrangement of the Dann collection illustrates this, showing the 

 decadence of native art and industry resulting from contact. 



An earlier Seneca site is illustrated by the Alva Reed collection. 

 This collection is the result of digging into the refuse pits and side 

 hill dumps of an ancient Seneca stronghold near the town of Rich- 

 mond Mills, Ontario county. The site is upon a high hill over- 

 looking the Hemlock valley. The site itself is well protected by 

 the high walls of a creek on one side, a long slope on the west side 

 and a ravine to the south. There are indications of palisades that 

 still further protected the place. No graves have been found on 

 this site although on one of our surveys we found human remains 

 near the surface in the stiff clay at the upper end of the " fort." 

 Graves were later found across the ravine by Frederick Houghton, 

 but no objects other than human bones were discovered in the 

 graves. 



