PLEISTOCENE MARINE SUBMERGENCE 35 



height may not be more than allowance for supergradation of the 

 large Rondout creek. The form and relation of the rolling gravel 

 plain suggest that it was built by the Rondout and not by the 

 VVallkill. 



The Esopus creek curves across the northern part of this sheet. 

 The mile-wide flood plain in the Kingston district lies much below 

 the marine plain, and is apparently a plain of erosion, graded to 

 the rock channel south of Saugerties (Catskill sheet). The higher 

 plain which carries the main portion of the city of Kingston, with 

 altitude up to 200 feet, represents the marine level. North of 

 Kingston it is apparent that the Esopus has intrenched itself in a 

 plain that was at least 60 feet higher than the stream, now 140 feet. 



Catskill sheet. The theoretic marine summit along the Hudson 

 on this quadrangle is about 240 feet, rising to 275. Sufficient rec- 

 ords of the deepest waters are found, although no heavy deltas 

 occur at the full height. The village of Saugerties lies on an 

 inferior delta plain of Esopus creek, and Catskill is on a dissected 

 lower plain of the Katskill. 



The east face of the Catskill highland is a series of bare rock 

 ledges, carved by south-flowing drainage, marginal to the waning 

 ice lobe. The topography is probably the result of repeated glacia- 

 tion with marginal stream work. The lowest channels of the latest 

 glacial drainage must correlate with the estuarine waters. These 

 significant features are found on- the east face of the Mount Marion 

 range of Hamilton sandstone hills, locally called the Hoogeberg. 



At Dutch Settlement (Ruby P. O.) on the southeast corner of 

 the Kaaterskill quadrangle, the stream channels terminate at some- 

 thing below 240 feet, with a gravel delta at 220 feet. South of 

 Mount Marion P. O. the Plattekill has left a delta at 200 feet. 

 Along the east face of Mount Marion stream cutting is distinct 

 down to about 200 feet, and a delta heads at East Unionville 

 (Veteran) at 220 to 230 feet. It is to be expected that confined 

 streams along the ice margin, having torrential flow, will cut below 

 the surface of the receiving water. 



On the lower road to Mount Airy is a small delta at 240 feet, 

 with correlating channel at 260. At Great Falls, near the county 

 line, the Kaaterskill built a delta in the estuary with present altitude 

 about 250 feet. A glacial channel (see plate 13) lies behind the 

 hill at 260 feet, by the map. The delta of the Catskill is on the 

 Coxsackie quadrangle, to be described below. 



A mile south of Hudson city the marine waters built a heavy 

 gravel bar, tailing from the south end of the hill on which the city 



