PLEISTOCENE MARINE SUBMERGENCE II 



page 645) ; and northward up the Hudson at rising levels. Salis- 

 bury after years of detailed study of the New Jersey Pleistocene 

 concluded that the state had been submerged since the ice removal 

 to a depth of icx) feet on the north boundary (41, pages 196-213, 

 508-13). It will be seen in the diagram (plate 10) that these eleva- 

 tions agree with the projected plane of the upraised shore line. As 

 this plane does not drop to sea level until far south of New York 

 there seems no way of excluding the tide, and we must believe that 

 these shore features are oceanic. 



The line of shore phenomena, rising steadily northward, is 

 clearly marked all the Avay to Canada, except for the breaks above 

 noted, and on both sides of the great valley. The altitudes on the 

 two sides of the valley coincide perfectly, on the isobases (see 

 maps). The shore features are found in excellent form in Ver- 

 mont, with altitude agreement with the New York shore; and have 

 been described in paper no. 92. 



The important fact to note is, that this shore line is a imit; It 

 was produced by a single body of water. A second important fact 

 is, that the water stood at sea level, was confluent with the ocean,, 

 following the receding ice front. 



The broad, conspicuous sand plains and the stronger beaches 

 are commonly inferior to the summit or initial level, especially in 

 the Champlain valley. The determination of the summit plane,, 

 which is commonly weak, may require special study. 



At the earliest level the Avaters lay 650 feet deep over what is 

 now the north end of Lake Champlain ; and were 300 feet over the 

 Fort Edward divide. 



It is interesting, as a bit of economic geography, to note that 

 many villages and cities are built on the delta sand plains of this 

 water level. Examples are West Haverstraw, North Haverstraw, 

 Peekskill, West Point, Newburgh, Beacon, Wappinger Falls, 

 Poughkeepsie, Hyde Park, Kingston, Rhinebeck, Saugerties, Kin- 

 derhook, Niverville, Ballston Spa, Greenwich and Elizabethtown. 

 In Vermont, several villages are on plains of inferior or later levels. 

 Bristol is situated on a summit delta plain built by the New Haven 

 river where it emerged from the Green mountains and poured inta 

 the sea-level waters (92,' page 22). 



• 3 Differential Uplift of the Marine Shore Line 



Plates 9 and 10 

 The deformation of the shore line throughout the Hudson- 

 Champlain and St Lawrence-Ontario valleys proves that the val- 



