PALEOZOIC ROCKS OF THE CANTON QUADRANGLE 53 



also carries good stone for buildings and for lime, but the better 

 localities are somewhat beyond our boundaries. This stone was 

 burned on the "Jake Todd" farm (locality 6), 2 miles west of 

 Madrid depot. 



Iron Ore 

 The iron ore workings are also but vestiges. The deposits, how- 

 ever interesting scientifically, proved altogether too limited and 

 uncertain for extraction. The principal prospect holes were at 

 localities 74 and 79 with other occurrences of the ore at 70 and 85, 

 the material in all cases being red, earthy hematite, accompanied 

 by more or less of the shining black crystals in cracks and vugs. 



LITERATURE AND MAPS 



18^6. In the apportionment of the State among the geologists 

 of the original survey, northern New York (the " second district ") 

 fell to Prof. Ebenezer Emmons of Williams College.^ In common 

 with his colleagues, Emmons submitted annual reports of progress 

 which were published as legislative matter, but their contents were 

 assembled in the final reports. The pages special to our area are 

 from the following Assembly documents: 1837, no. 161, p. 29-32 

 (Beck on iron ores) ; 1838, no. 200, p. 209, 214—19 (Emmons on 

 iron ore and Potsdam sandstone) ; 1839, no. 275, p. 62-63 (Conrad's 

 classification of the " New York System " of rocks) ; 1840, no. 50, 

 p. 347—49 (Emmons on Potsdam sandstone). 



1842. In 1842 appeared Emmons's final ''Report on the Geology 

 of the Second District" as volume 2 of part 4 Geology, of the 

 " Natural Histoiy of the State of New York." Our Paleozoic 

 rocks were all included in the two divisions " Potsdam Sandstone " 

 and " Calciferous Sandrock " of the " Champlain group " and are 

 described in detail on pages 99 to 106,^ their distribution in St 

 Lawrence county being given in pages 360 to 363 and in the sec- 



^ Consult State Museum Bulletin 56,"page 8, etc. Interesting accounts, 

 with portraits, of many of the men mentioned in this chapter will be 

 found in ithe History of American Geology by Dr George P. Merrill in 

 the 1904 report of the U. S. National Museum, pages 189-734. Two earlier 

 papers are worth mention, namely John Finch's " Essay on the Mineralogy 

 and Geology of St Lawrence County." Amer. Jour. Sci., 19:220-28 (1831), 

 and the " Sketch of the Mineralogy of a Portion of Jefferson and St Law- 

 rence Counties" by Dr J. B. Crawe and Asa Gray, ibid. 25:346-50 (1834). 



^ Emmons made the curious mistake of locating Hannawa on the Grass 

 river (page 360), a slip that has been followed by several subsequent 

 writers on our building stones. 



