AVES. 15 



Order PASSERIFORMES. 



Suborder PASSERES. 

 Family CORVIDiE. 



Genus TR YP ANO COR AX, Sundev. 



29. THYPANOCORAX FRUGILEGUS. 



Corvusfrugilegas,JAxin. Syst. Nat. i. p. 156 (1766); Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 63 (1873); Dresser, 



Ibis, 1875, p. 237; Scully, Str. E. iv. p. 157 (1876) ; Blauford, East. Persia, ii. p. 263 (1876); 



Biddulpb, Ibis, 1881, p. 77, 1882, p. 284; Scully, ibid. p. 571 ; C. Swinhoe, Ibis, 1882, p. Ill ; 



Horaeyer & Tancre, MT. orn. Ver. Wien, 1883, p. 88 ; Eadde, Orn. Cauc. p. 125 (1884); Gates, 



Eaun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 18 (1889). 

 Trypanocorax frugilegus, Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 9 (1877) ; id. Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. 



p. 68 (1889). 



No. 979. Yarkand, November 8, 1873.— Length 18*2 inches, wing 12-3, tail 7*0, tarsus 2*0 ; 



expanse 35-5. Iris dark brown; bill black; feet black. ^' Kara Kargha " (Turki). 



[A nearly adult bird, with the face and throat not quite denuded of the black downy 



plumes.] 

 No. 1170. Kashghar, December 20, 1873. [An immature bird with completely feathered 



face.] 

 No. 1280. Kashghar, January 26, 1874. [Fully adult.] 

 No. 1277. Kashghar, January 26, 1874. [Not fully mature, as it has the throat still 



retaining a little fluffy down.] 

 No. 1276. Kashghar, January 26, 1874. [In worn plumage with fully feathered face- 

 probably a young bird of the preceding year.] 

 No. 1585. Langarkish, April 26, 1874. [In very rusty and worn plumage, with feathered 



face, the throat showing signs of denudation. Both this and the preceding specimen 



would probably not have nested this year.] 



According to Dr. Scully the Rook is only a winter visitor to Kashghar, disappearing 

 ''from the vicinity of Yarkand in the beginning of April, migrating to the north, where it 

 is said to breed in the hills near Aksu. The Turki name is ' Portumchuk Kargha,' i, e, 

 ' The Rotten-beaked Crow,' in allusion to the rough scabrous skin covering the base of the 

 bill." The Rook is plentiful in winter in North-western India. 



Genus CORVUS. 

 30. COHVUS CORAX. 



Corvus corax, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 155 (1766) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 63 (1873) ; Dresser, Ibis 

 1875, p. 236 ; Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 172 (1876) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii! p. 261 (1876) • 

 Prjev. in Rowley's Orn. Misc. ii. p. 283 (1877) ; Sharpe, Cat. B. Brit. Mus. iii. p. 14 (1877) ; 

 Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 55 ; Zarudn. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1885, p. 59 ; Eadde, Ornis, iii. p. 473 

 (1887) j Gates, Faun. Brit. Ind., Birds, i. p. 14 (1889). 



Corvus thibetanus, Hume & Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 234 (1873) ; Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 155 (1876). 



Corvus lawrencii, Hume; Swiiih. Ibis, 1882, p. 111. 



