76 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



Eocene — Green Kiver, Wyoming, United States of America. 



Upper Cretaceous — Mt. Lebanon, Asia. 



Cretaceous — Mediterranean Islands. 



Upper Cretaceous — Bahia, Brazil. 



Lower Oligocene — Isle of Wight, England. 



Upper Cretaceous— Italy. 



Living forms closely related to these fossil species are said to exist in 

 Chili and New South Wales. 



Priscacara, with seven species from Green Eiver and Bridger Eocene 

 of Wyoming and Utah are so far the only known fossil Cichlidae. 36 This 

 indicates a northern origin for the Cichlidae. One genus with three spe- 

 cies of fossil Pomacentridae are known from the upper Eocene and lower 

 Miocene of Italy. 



One species of Perichthys is known from Tertiary shales of Taubate, 

 Brazil. This genus still lives in Patagonia and Chili. 



At least seven genera with forty-three species of fossil Labridae are 

 known from the lower Eocene to the lower Pliocene of Europe and Eng- 

 land and the Eocene and Miocene of New Jersey, United States of 

 America. One tooth attributed to a member of this family is known 

 from the late Tertiary of the Argentine Eepublic. 



About fourteen genera of Cyprinidae, including about thirty-three fossil 

 species, have been reported from Germany, Bohemia, Sumatra, Java and 

 various parts of western United States of America. These fossil forms 

 range from the Quaternary to lower Miocene ( ?) . Living forms are found 

 all over the world, excepting Australia and South America. The absence 

 of the Cyprinidae from South America is the most extraordinary fact in 

 the distribution of fishes. They have existed since the Miocene in south- 

 western Idaho and are now found in Mexico but not in South America. 

 Furthermore, if an Archhelenic land-bridge existed between Africa and 

 Guiana and this was the means of dispersal of Characinidge and Cichlidae, 

 why did not the Cyprinidae also enter South America ? Tetragonopterus 

 avis and T. lignitis .(Edbrycon Jordan) from Taubate, Brazil, from 

 shales of doubtful late Tertiary age are so far the only definitely known 

 fossil Characinidae. 



36 Woodward, 1898, reported a fragment from Taubate as JEquidens (?). 



