316 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



at Glen Park and Hamburg or below, though not yet found associated 

 with them, would, in the absence of substantial evidence to the contrary, 

 indicate that the Bedford shale was not really a contemporaneous forma- 

 tion. 



The correlation of other horizons in the same sections is intimately 

 connected with that of the Bedford shale. Professor Weller 18 recognizes 

 in the famous goniatite-bearing limestone at Eockford, Ind., a repre- 

 sentative of the Chouteau limestone or southern Kinderhook. It is 

 perhaps impossible to tell in fact, as it is certainly impossible to tell from 

 his discussion, whether the limestone at Eockford corresponds to that 

 part of the Chouteau which correlates with the northern Kinderhook or 

 to that part which he recognizes in the Burlington section as occurring 

 above the northern Kinderhook. If the Bedford represents the Glen Park 

 horizon, it would apparently on the one hypothesis correlate with the 

 goniatite-bearing bed at Eockford (and it does contain some goniatites 

 of scarcely determinable genera), while on the other hypothesis it would 

 come in above it. The position of the Bedford shale above the black 

 Cleveland shale is at first suggestive of the position of the goniatite- 

 bearing bed at Eockford above the Devonian black shale of Indiana, but 

 there is no assurance whatsoever that the two black shales represent the 

 same horizon and, even if such were shown to be true, it would not neces- 

 sarily follow that the succeeding formation in the one case corresponded 

 to the succeeding formation in the other. Indeed, until quite recently 

 it has been the general consensus of opinion that the goniatite-bearing 

 bed and the black shale beneath were quite separate and distinct forma- 

 tions divided by a long-time interval, the one of Carbonifrous, the other 

 of Devonian age, and no satisfactory evidence has yet been produced for 

 believing otherwise. On the other hand, such facts as I am acquainted 

 with both of stratigraphy and paleontology go to show that the Bedford 

 and Cleveland shales are related in the closest manner and must be 

 classed together wherever they are classed. 



The early Mississippian sections of Ohio and of the Mississippi Valley 

 show great differences of development, both in the sediments which 

 accumulated there and in the animal life which those sediments helped 

 to condition. They probably constitute distinct provinces. There are 

 no faunas in Ohio closely allied to the typical Burlington and Keokuk 

 faunas, — nothing to correspond to the rich development of crinoid life 

 which is found in those faunas and which doubtless did much to deter- 

 mine the character of the associated life, unless still different influences 

 determined both. The 18 species of crinoids known from the Cuyahoga 



18 Loc. cit., p. 469. 



