136 THE ZOOLOGIST. 



the first arch. The upper pharyngeal teeth show as two patches. 

 The second epibranchial terminates at its upper extremity behind 

 a narrow bone carrying a patch of cardiform pharyngeal teeth ; 

 the third and fourth epibranchials similarly join on to a broadly 

 oval-shaped pharyngeal bone that is covered with cardiform 

 teeth, those on its lower portion being stronger, and with a more 

 decided backward curve than those in the upper portion. The 

 lower pharyngeal teeth are in two obtuse-angled triangular 

 patches, studded, but not very thickly so, with cardiform teeth 

 with the points directed backwards, the triangles lying across 

 the mouth transversely, with a broad mucous division between 

 them. The curve of the upper and lower pharyngeal teeth 

 permits of the smooth passage of articles of food towards the 

 oesophagus, but immediately checks any attempted retrograde 

 movement, as can be tested by passing the finger along in either 

 direction. 



MOLVA ELONGATA. Fig. 2 (p. 135). 



This fish, of the same family as Molva vulgaris, also called 

 the Ling, has ten flat teeth bearing tubercles as gill-rakers on 

 the cerato-hypobranchial of the first arch, with two on the epi- 

 branchial — these on its outer aspect ; the inner aspect has a few 

 very flat ones. On the second arch along the cerato-branchial 

 the tubercles are confluent on the outer side ; the hypobranchial 

 is bare of tubercles. The third cerato-branchial has a few flat 

 tubercles along its surface, both inside and outside. The fourth 

 arch has a roughened skin along it. The upper pharyngeal 

 teeth show as two segments studded with cardiform teeth. The 

 upper one is attached to the second epibranchial, the lower to 

 the third and fourth. The lower pharyngeal teeth are in two 

 long triangular patches, the teeth on the marginal portions next 

 the oesophagus being larger than the rest. The triangles are 

 set with their length in the direction of the length of the mouth, 

 and are distinctly separated by a mucous membrane division. 



Phycis mediteekaneus. Fig. 3 (p. 135). 

 A relative of Phycis blennoides, the Greater Forkbeard 

 (Couch), found on the English coast. The Mediterranean 

 species has eleven horny upstanding gill-rakers in the cerato- 

 hypobranchial of the first arch, which diminish in size till the 



