140 THE ZOOLOGIST. 



on the left side of the gullet. The rest of the upper pharyngeal 

 teeth are two patches on the ends of the third and fourth epi- 

 branchials, one a triangular patch with rounded angles ; the 

 second and lower one of these two is roughly ovoid in shape. 

 The lower pharyngeal bones carry two elongated patches of 

 villiform teeth. The proportion of the length to the breadth of 

 these patches is nearly 3| to 1. 



Caranx trachurus. The Horse-Mackerel. Fig. 2 (p. 139). 

 The first branchial arch carries a number of fine horny 

 gill-rakers, the one at the angle being the longest, and its length 

 is contained about three times in the length from the angle to 

 the junction of the hypo- with the basi-branchials. There 

 are forty-five of these gill-rakers along the cerato- and hypo- 

 branchials of the first arch, and sixteen on the epibranchial. 

 They are smooth to the touch at their tips, but a little rough 

 near the base. The inner side of the first, both sides of the 

 second and third, and the outer aspect of the fourth arches 

 carry short gill-rakers that fit into each other alternately and 

 form a fairly close filtering process. They are covered with a 

 rough surface, palpable on drawing the tip of the finger from the 

 back forv/ards. The upper pharyngeal teeth show as two 

 separate patches, with a number of small, sharp, cardiform 

 teeth embedded in mucous membrane, each tooth fairly distinct 

 from its neighbour. The ends of these teeth have a downward 

 curve, and are very palpable if the finger is brought the reverse 

 way to which food would pass in swallowing. The lower pharyn- 

 geal teeth are on two long narrow patches of an elongated tri- 

 angular shape, with villiform teeth at the anterior part, but 

 more cardiform in the posterior part ; they are embedded in 

 mucous membrane, with the points projecting. The food of 

 this fish consists largely of small crustaceans. 



Temnodon saltatoe. The Skipjack. Fig. 3 (p. 139). 

 This fish has but few horny gill-rakers on the outer- side of 

 the first branchial arch. The one at the angle is the longest, 

 and is contained about five times in the distance from the angle 

 to the basi-branchial. Counting the one at the angle, there are 

 nine giil-rakers along the cerato-branchial, the hypo-branchial 



